Suchergebnisse

Les villes mondiales sont des bases de départ dans l'organisation des marchés, des lieux de concentration du capital international et la destination de nombreux migrants. Centres de contrôle et de commandement, autour des secteurs de la finance, des transports, des services et des communications, elles accueillent les sièges internationaux de grands groupes. Pivot entre l'Amérique du Nord et l'Amérique du Sud, Miami dispose d'une économie politique stable. Comme Hong Kong, elle s'est développée avec l'arrivée des migrants et des capitaux étrangers, qui ont conduit à une identité hybride, un « capitalisme transculturel ». Comme Dublin, Miami a fondé sa croissance sur l'investissement étranger mais sans le même degré d'intervention publique. Connectée aux courants d'affaires mondiaux, y compris dans les industries culturelles, Miami reste atypique dans la mesure où ses fonctions de ville mondiale demeurent peu enracinées dans la région.

About 32% of the Indian population presently resides in towns and cities, and national and state governments are intent on increasing that number. Based on the past experience of most of the developed world, urbanization is considered integral to modernization and progress. However, India's urbanization rate is particularly low and this is partly related to the country's low level of industrialization. At the same time, urban slums have expanded and their populations have increased despite successive policies aimed at slum eradication or rehabilitation. This study aims to connect macro trends in urbanization and the space economy with a finer scale analysis of the logic of slums and slum dweller views in order to consider the future of India's cities. Most of the data presented here are based on extensive surveys of households and firms in Dharavi (Mumbai) that investigated work, well-being, livelihoods, community, and environmental issues. It is argued that slums may well be a structural feature of India's modern urban landscape given India's enormous challenge of creating significant employment opportunities in modern industries. Furthermore, urban slum environments, with all their shortcomings and challenges, may be conducive to small-scale, labor-intensive productive activity and provide relatively secure livelihoods.

AbstractMumbai forms the décor to an interesting set of relationships among economic liberalization, globalization, class restructuring and an unprecedented housing construction boom. The much talked about new Indian middle class is primarily an urban phenomenon and seems nowhere more salient than in India's commercial capital and largest city. This article seeks to undo some of the mysteries that surround the new middle class: how it can be empirically defined, whether and how it is growing, how class restructuring in Mumbai conforms (or not) to Western arguments about social polarization, and how any such class restructuring can best be explained. The empirical analysis employs existing data from various sources on income and consumption in Mumbai (and India at large) and reports on selected findings from a recent survey by the author on housing, class and upward mobility among households in newly constructed homes in Greater Mumbai. Data on the distribution of household incomes show that the upper‐middle income classes have grown relative to the total, that the lower‐middle income classes have shrunk, and that the ranks of the poor have expanded slightly. Survey data among new home buyers in Mumbai suggest little upward mobility. Discourse about the 'new middle class' tends to focus on consumption rather than income and additional findings indicate that much of the growth in consumption is credit‐based.

Miami's globalization is accompanied by a restructuring of the city's political economy and the emergence of a powerful growth machine. After the shock caused by massive Latino immigration wore off, the old business elite combined forces with the new Hispanic (Cuban) elite and capitalized on Miami's international economic opportunities. Miami's experience illustrates the materialist imperatives of globalization and its unplanned social consequences. The benefits of economic growth are not equally distributed, and there are notable discrepancies along ethnic lines. The growth machine generates local narratives that emphasize the values of multiculturalism, but Miami's civic society has become fragmented and fragile. As an extreme example of a globalized city, Miami offers a glimpse of the fate of urban civilization in the global era.

Miami's (FL) globalization is accompanied by a restructuring of the city's political economy & the emergence of a powerful growth machine. Following massive Latino immigration, the old business elite combined forces with the new Hispanic (Cuban) elite & capitalized on Miami's international economic opportunities. Miami's experience illustrates the materialist imperatives of globalization & its unplanned social consequences; the benefits of economic growth are not equally distributed, & there are notable discrepancies along ethnic lines. The growth machine generates local narratives that emphasize the values of multiculturalism, but Miami's civic society has become fragmented & fragile. As an extreme example of a globalized city, Miami offers a glimpse of the fate of urban civilization in the global era. Adapted from the source document.