Suchergebnisse

The article analyzes various forms of protection of the rights of individuals to compensation for harm caused by a medical specialist, which are used in different countries around the world. In particular, special attention is paid to those approaches to pre-trial and out-of-court dispute resolution arising from patient harm relationships used in the United States. Among the most common ways of resolving such disputes are seeking help from a separate body or unit of a medical institution (risk management), mediation and negotiations in medical disputes, pre-trial inspections ("screening panels"), which allow to find a more compromise way to protect individual rights, affected by the actions of medical specialist. Accordingly, the first part of the article carries out a terminological analysis of the category "relationship of harm to a health worker" and the search for the closest term ("medical malpractice"), which allows for research in English-language scientific sources. The second part of the article is devoted to the analysis and generalization of the methods used in the practice of other countries to compensate for damage caused by a medical specialist (medical malpractice). The last part of the article analyzes the Ukrainian legislation and practice of national courts, which showed that in cases of compensation for damage caused by a medical specialist, there are no common approaches and single law approaches. In particular, attention is paid to the procedure for assessing the quality of medical services provided in 2016 by clinical expert commissions of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The study provided an opportunity to justify in the conclusions the need and feasibility of introducing additional out-of-court methods of resolving disputes arising from the relationship of harm to medical workers.

The linguistic and axiological potential of unofficial urbanonyms reflecting the realities of the urban environment as a design space is evaluated. The research tasks include identifying typical and non-standard objects and motifs of evaluative urbanonymic nomination, developing optimal methods for describing interregional nominative parallels and unique slang terms in the dictionary of unofficial urbanonyms. The material sources consist of dictionaries of youth slang, author's archives of spoken language, and internet communications (2010—2024). The semantics of slang terms-urbanonyms were clarified using componential and contextual analysis methods. Parameters of their lexical description were developed using the method of lexicographical construction. Based on slang material from Pskov and St. Petersburg involving unofficial urbanonyms from Ufa, Volgograd, Novosibirsk, and other cities, the evaluative attitude of nominators towards design projects embodied in architectural structures, memorial objects, street sculpture, and monumental painting is demonstrated. Interpretations, comments, and contextual illustrations in the presented fragments of the projected dictionary reveal the specificity of the nominator's imagery associations when implementing various ways of slang formation: playful transformations of official names, references to precedent phenomena, metonymic and metaphorical transfers and their combinations.

In the Ukrainian Sociology there are two parallel "traditions" of sociological measurement as a whole and evaluation of the validity and reliability in particular – "Soviet" tradition and "Western". This article shows the ratio of the terms of "Soviet" and "Western" traditions and the only and most expedient, from the author's point of view, the terminological apparatus was suggested. Also the ratio of content of the concepts of validity and reliability is considered.