Suchergebnisse

Intensive industrial development has led to the increase of pollutants in the air, water and land. In order to gain a clear insight into the sources of emissions, many countries have implemented registers of pollutants in their legislation, which represent the basis for responsible policies in the field of environmental protection, as well as the base for the implementation of a cleaner production and encouraging the introduction of cleaner technologies. Strategic and legal framework and analysis of the current situation represent the base for development of the Local register environmental pollution sources at the territory of Belgrade city. Integral part of the Register is pollutant types and emitted amounts. Predicting these emissions is of a great importance for decision makers when finding adequate solutions for the control. Models based on artificial neural networks have been applied intensively these years in the field of environmental protection and sustainable development. In present work, developed ANN emission models have been applied for the modeling of SOx, NOx PM10, and GHGs emission in the air at annual level for Belgrade, for the period 2008-2010. ; Do povećanja emisije zagađujućih materija u vazduh, vodu i zemljište došlo je zbog intenzivnog industrijskog razvoja. Kako bi se stekao jasan uvid u izvore emisije, mnoge zemlje su, u svoju zakonsku regulativu, implementirale registre zagađivača, koji predstavljaju osnovu za odgovornu politiku u oblasti zaštite životne sredine, kao i osnovu za implementaciju čistije proizvodnje i stimulisanje uvođenja čistijih tehnologija. Strateški i pravni okvir i sagledavanje postojećeg stanja predstavlja osnovu za izradu Lokalnog registra izvora zagađivanja životne sredine na teritoriji Grada Beograda, čiji je sastavni deo baza podataka o zagađivačima, odnosno vrstama i emitovanim količinama. Predviđanje ovih emisija je od velikog značaja, kako bi donosioci odluka na vreme mogli da pronađu adekvatna rešenja. Modeli zasnovani na neuronskim mrežama se poslednjih godina intenzivno primenjuju za simulacije u oblasti zaštite životne sredine i održivog razvoja. U okviru ovog rada izvršeno je modelovanje emisije u vazduh SOx, NOx, PM10 i GHG, na godišnjem nivou za Grad Beograd, za period 2008-2010. godina. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da je emisija sumpornih oksida za sve tri posmatrane godine bila mnogo viša od emisija NOx (oko 7 puta) i PM10 (oko 3 puta). Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata za GHG može se zaključiti da se GHG emisija povećala u 2010. godini za 17 % u odnosu na 2008. godinu.

Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni) is among the conservation priorities in the European Union. Consequently, it is included in Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive, Annex II of the Bern Convention, and Annex II of the CITES Convention. Hermann's tortoise conservation programs compile insights on the threats affecting population viability, along with factors shaping the species' distribution. Serbian populations of the eastern subspecies (Testudo hermanni boettgeri) seem numerous and therefore prosperous, but recent population viability analyses revealed that they are susceptible to rapid demographic changes and/or habitat destruction. This implies the need for effective population monitoring and protection, as well as mapping and preservation of suitable habitats. In this paper we summarized current knowledge about the geographic distribution of Hermann's tortoise in Serbia and modeled its ecological niche. Our results corroborate and uphold the known species' distribution in Serbia. Most suitable habitats are situated in the lowland areas of eastern, central and southern Serbia, under semi-open habitats, such as pastures and shrubs, broadleaf forests, and all successional stages in between. The results provided in this paper should be considered in the selection and shaping of NATURA 2000 sites in Serbia.