Suchergebnisse

Since its independence until today the Republic of Macedonia aims to reforms aimed at building a democratic society based on the principles of rule of law and market economy. In that plan the Republic of Macedonia has made a series of reforms in 2005 resulted in obtaining candidate status for EU membership, without setting a date for starting negotiations. Not setting a date for talks indicates that Macedonia still has not reached the level to fully meet the Copenhagen criteria. In this context speak European reports published by the European Commission which particularly highlight the problem of corruption. This paper will focus on the effectiveness of the institutions of the system in the fight against corruption with emphasis on corrupt offenses provided in chapter 30 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Macedonia.

The topic of crime and its control has been continually present on the social, political and research arena and has been also a subject to a number of debates and scientific researches. As the crime and the fear from the crime change on local, regional and on global level, simultaneously the social reactions and the forms of crime control also change. Their study, especially in the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, shows more changes in the reforms of the criminal justice system, which are in line with alternations occurring not only with the state of crime, but also in social, economic, political and security circumstances in other societies. In the context of the 70's, the crime control was influenced by the so-called Penal coercionist, rehabilitation of offenders and the development of the state of welfare due to the failure of the state to deliver the anticipated justice. Thus two paradigms were developed: first, that nothing helps and the second - justice has been threatened. In that period, influenced by the structural social processes, (we think here of globalization, unequal distribution of wealth at all levels in the world, migratory movements, terrorism and cyclical recessions of capitalism that actually generate crime,) there are conflicts between the objectives of penalties (prevention, deterrence, rehabilitation and second, the realization of justice), the rights of offenders and the public interest, the legal principles, the functions of the police and the objectives of post-penal and social work. These processes produce not only changes in the condition of the crime, or its increase and change, but also represent changes in the social policy as well as in the criminal justice system. As a result, in the period of late modernism, the problem of crime control is mainly associated with the security of the society as well as the increased risks to the feeling of insecurity that caused the increased repressive policies by the criminal justice system. At the same time the policies of risk management and the application of new technologies are implemented. They are part of the situational approach in the crime control. Basically, the new technologies for monitoring and detection of offenders place the citizens as a potential object of observation. In this context, the police is less concerned with the Crime Prevention which relies more on new information and telecommunications as well as on other means of technology. This technological development is necessary, but at the same time it shifts away the police from citizens and their security needs, resulting in its reticence towards the public as well as implementation of repressive methods. Relying on the Law enforcement model or on what is now called the establishment of law and order, the police is being militarized growing into a serious threat both to the citizens and to the development of democratic processes. The police has thus transformed itself into the main force in the hands of the powerful for the retention of status quo. Therefore, such a social control of crime cannot adequately respond to its challenges and there is a discrepancy between the punishment, which remains the prerogative of the State as part of the traditional criminal justice and the crime control that follows the state justice.

The International Scientific Conference Ohrid 2014 through scientific articles should contribute to the 100th anniversary from the World War I, through a debate to offer answers to the questions that were current a century ago and to make the intersection of what and how changes are made in this part of Europe. Therefore the Faculty of Security-Skopje determined to organize an International Scientific Conference from the 3rd of June till 5th of June 2014 in Ohrid by the theme Macedonia and the Balkans 100 years from the World War I – Safety and Euro-Atlantic integrations. Thuscontinuing the orientation with organizing international conferences in the field of security so it can contribute to the development of scientific thought and for the decision makers of the regional, national and local level helps using the knowledge and research results for faster, simpler and timely overcome the practical problems that they are facing.This scientific meeting will be attended by over 100 scientific and educational workers from Albania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia. The conference will present papers on the following topics: 1. The Balkans and Macedonia in the geostrategic concepts of the European countries and interests:  The Balkans through its historical perspective - is the "candlewick" still existent?  What are the consequences of the military and police conflicts after the World War I and what are their contemporary consequences?  What is different in the geostrategic position of Macedonia and the Balkans after the World War I?  Is the resolving of the "Macedonian issue" achieved or is it an open process?  What are the reasons of the prolonged integrations of Macedonia into the European Union and the Euro-Atlantic structures? What is the position of the Balkan countries in relation to the Euro-Atlantic countries?  Is the Western Balkan the "appendix" of Europe?  The Balkans - intersection of cultures and traditions – security implications;  The cultural and religious differences on the Balkans - security challenges;  The contemporary position of the Balkans - European or Western;  Are there any concepts and strategies of the influential subjects in the international relations of the position of the Balkans, i.e. towards the Balkan countries – the Balkans as a strategic interest of the influential countries and subjects?  The Ohrid Framework Agreement - a model for resolving of ethnical conflicts  The Balkans and Republic of Macedonia in the Geostrategic concepts of European countries and interests 2. The Balkans, the National Countries and European Integrations:  The concept of the national countries and hegemonic concepts and ideologies on the Balkans;  The reestablishment of the nationalism and nationalistic absoluteness - accelerator of the Balkan conflicts; VIII  Is the era of Balkan collisions and conflicts terminated?  Europeanization of the Balkans and Balkanization of Europe;  Security issues related to the national borders;  The consequences of the visa liberalization over the Balkan countries and the member states of EU 3. The Police and the inter-police collaboration on the Balkans  The legal position of the Police and the other law enforcement organizations on the Balkans;  Forms of collaboration among the Police and the other law enforcement organizations;  Structure of the inter-police collaboration;  Contents of the inter-police collaboration;  Forms of ad hoc institutionalization of the inter-police collaboration;  The educational systems and the profile of the police profession in the Balkan countries;  Forms of bilateral and multilateral collaboration on the Balkans in the area of crime management, human traffic, narcotics and psychotropic substances;  Institutionalization of the regional collaboration in the management of crises and other security issues.  Is the formation of joined Balkan police forces possible?  Is the formation of a Balkan net of criminalists as well as a net of individuals in certain expert fields possible?  Western Balkan outside the European Union?  Police and crime - public opinion, public confidence 4. Economic and Commercial exchange on the Balkans:  Contemporary forms of trade, law regulations and relations among the countries;  Collaboration among the economic subjects between the legal reliability and the security threats and risks;  Regional collaboration and regional economic policy 5. Democracy, legal state and human rights; their promotion and forms of protection:  International standards for protection of the human freedoms and rights and the policy of the Balkan countries;  Forms of protection of the freedoms and rights - experiences and perspectives;  Strengthening of the rule of law and the responsibleness of the institutions;  The role of the international organizations in promotion and implementation of the international benchmarks for protection of the human rights of the people on the Balkans;  Democracy, stabilization, integration;  The interstate and inter-institutional collaboration in protection of the human freedoms and rights; 6. Criminal Justice, Criminal Policy and Victimization  Contemporary forms of computer crime (electronic: frauds, procuring, threats, stealing of personal data and other forms of electronic frauds and crime);  Forms of crime related to the internet and cyber services and modes for their detection;  Criminal experiences, achievements, methods, means and modes of suppression of the contemporary forms of criminality  War and crime;  War and victims of crime;  War crimes;  War v.v. reconciliation;  International aspects of crime and punishment;  Risk and criminal justice;  Modernization of Criminal Justice;  Contemporary challenges of criminology;  Reform of the criminal and procedural law; 7. Geopolitics in the 21st century and the appearance of new socio-criminological types of crime  Extra-institutional approach to new forms and types of crime The foreign policy of great powers and factors that cause forms of terrorism and organized crime in the 21st century