Suchergebnisse

Executing migration policy including diasporas of the Republic ofMacedonia depends on good establishment and organization of institutions, as well as theirhuman and technical capacities. Functioning of the institutional capacities that execute thepolicy towards Macedonian Diasporas is of crucial importance for the country's nationalinterests and Macedonian people.Executing the policy and goals towards diasporas such as: preservation of nationaland cultural identity, protection of interests and rights of emigrants, provision of legal rightsand obligations in foreign countries by providing consular and other services, promotion ofcommercial, scientific, cultural, sports and other liaisons between diasporas and theRepublic of Macedonia, obviously requires timely and continuous cooperation andcoordination by the most responsible, that is to say, Ministry of the Interior, Ministry ofForeign Affairs, Ministry of Labor and Social Policy, Ministry of Education and Science,Ministry of Culture, Emigration Agency, State Statistical Office and other bodies that dealwith the diasporas issue.Key words: institutions, migrations, diasporas, emigration, emigrants.

AbstractThe existing empirical knowledge in the area of financial sector development and income inequality finds evidence for the theoretical work which posits a simple, linear relationship between the two variables. In this article, we subject the extant empirical knowledge to close scrutiny and point out to a potential dynamic and endogenous relationship between financial sector development and inequality. By using dynamic multivariate panel data analysis on a carefully selected data set of income inequality data for developed and developing countries spanning the period 1962–2006, we find robust empirical evidence for the existence of an inverted U‐curve relationship between financial sector development and income inequality. In that token, we confirm the theoretical stipulations of Greenwood and Jovanovic (1990) for an inverted U‐curve relationship between the financial sector and income inequality. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

One of the priorities of the Republic of Macedonia as well as theWestern Balkan countries is to join the European family, through integration and EUmembership. T he w ay i n w hich o ur c ountry i s m oving i n t he process o f E uropeanintegration, has some oscillations, if considered official assessments and findings of theEuropean Commission, in particular through the prism of obtaining candidate status andrecommendations for starting accession negotiations which even after a few years have noteffected in getting a start date. Since this topic has been continuously present in theprofessional and general public, it seems that relevance of the issues related to thatprocess has not been reduced. Numerous analyzes show that the attention is mostlyfocused on the "burning" issues and topics, which simultaneously affect most of the people:human rights, justice, home affairs, environment protection as well as border management.At the time when the movement of people from one country to another, is imperative forpersonal, professional and business advancement and modern functioning in all living areas,where modern vehicles provide fast and affordable travel of people for tourism purposes,great attention is inevitably paid to regulation of this field.Hence, this paper will try to stress the importance of a unified legislativeframework at national level as a prerequisite for standardized integrated bordermanagement in l ine w ith t he E U standards, with particular focus on the function andresponsibilities of FRONTEX, as the most important European body for the promotion,coordination and development of a European border management system.

Abstract Background Evaluating the quality of healthcare and patient safety using general population questionnaires is important from research and policy perspective. Using a special wave of the Eurobarometer survey, we analysed the general population's perception of health care quality and patient safety in a cross-country setting. Methods We used ordered probit, ordinary least squares and probit analysis to estimate the determinants of health care quality, and ordered logit analysis to analyse the likelihood of being harmed by a specific medical procedure. The models used population weights as well as country-clustered standard errors. Results We found robust evidence for the impact of socio-demographic variables on the perception of quality of health care. More specifically, we found a non-linear impact of age on the perception of quality of health care and patient safety, as well as a negative impact of poverty on both perception of quality and patient safety. We also found robust evidence that countries with higher corruption levels were associated with worse perceptions of quality of health care. Finally, we found evidence that income inequality affects patients' perception vis-à-vis safety, thus feeding into the poverty/health care quality nexus. Conclusions Socio-demographic factors and two macro variables (corruption and income inequality) explain the perception of quality of health care and likelihood of being harmed by adverse events. The results carry significant policy weight and could explain why targeting only the health care sector (without an overall reform of the public sector) could potentially be challenging.

Background: Evaluating the quality of healthcare and patient safety using general population questionnaires is important from research and policy perspective. Using a special wave of the Eurobarometer survey, we analysed the general population's perception of health care quality and patient safety in a cross-country setting.

Methods: We used ordered probit, ordinary least squares and probit analysis to estimate the determinants of health care quality, and ordered logit analysis to analyse the likelihood of being harmed by a specific medical procedure. The models used population weights as well as country-clustered standard errors.

Results: We found robust evidence for the impact of socio-demographic variables on the perception of quality of health care. More specifically, we found a non-linear impact of age on the perception of quality of health care and patient safety, as well as a negative impact of poverty on both perception of quality and patient safety. We also found robust evidence that countries with higher corruption levels were associated with worse perceptions of quality of health care. Finally, we found evidence that income inequality affects patients' perception vis-à-vis safety, thus feeding into the poverty/health care quality nexus.

Conclusions: Socio-demographic factors and two macro variables (corruption and income inequality) explain the perception of quality of health care and likelihood of being harmed by adverse events. The results carry significant policy weight and could explain why targeting only the health care sector (without an overall reform of the public sector) could potentially be challenging.

Institutions are now widely believed to be important in explaining performance. In this paper, we analyze whether commonly used measures of institutions have any significant, measurable impact on performance, whether of countries or firms. We look at three 'levels' of institutions and associated conjectures. The first concerns whether the political system affects performance. The second concerns whether the business and investment environment affects the performance of countries and the third concerns whether perceived business constraints directly affect the performance of firms. In all instances, we find little evidence of a robust link between widely used measures of institutions and our indicators of performance. We consider why this might be the case and argue that mis-measurement, misspecification, complexity and non-linearity are all relevant factors.

Background AU Universal: Pleaseconfirmthatallheadinglevelsarerepresentedcorrectly health coverage (UHC) encompasses 2 main components: : access to essential healthcare services and protection from financial hardship when using healthcare. This study examines Myanmar's efforts to achieve UHC on a national and subnational level. It is a primer of studying the concept of UHC on a subnational level, and it also establishes a baseline for assessing future progress toward reaching UHC in Myanmar. Methods and findings The study uses the Demographic and Health Survey (2015) and the Myanmar Living Conditions Survey (MLCS; 2017) and adapts a previously developed UHC index to provide insights into the main barriers preventing the country's progress toward UHC. We find a negative correlation between the UHC index and the state/region poverty levels. The equity of access analysis reveals significant pro-rich inequity in access to all essential healthcare services. Socioeconomic status and limited availability of healthcare infrastructure are the main driving forces behind the unequal access to interventions that are crucial to achieving UHC by 2030. Finally, financial risk protection analysis shows that the poor are less likely to use healthcare services, and, once they do, they are at a greater risk of suffering financial catastrophe. Limitations of this study revolve around its correlational, rather than causal, nature. Conclusions We suggest a 2-pronged approach to help Myanmar achieve UHC: Government and state authorities should reduce the financial burden of seeking healthcare, and, coupled with this, significant investment in and expansion of health infrastructure and the health workforce should be made, particularly in the poorer and more remote states.