Suchergebnisse

The article analyses the materials of field studies carried out in two villages of the region of Perm, reflecting the history of post-soviet agrarian development. The successes and failures of political and economic initiatives in Russia depend on the ability to introduce new agrarian projects into the traditional foundations of life of the rural communities.

The article considers economic successes of the Belgorod region as significantly determined by the governor Yevgeny Savchenko' agrarian policies, which compensate for the region's small size and modest human capital. In 2017, the authors published an article describing economic policies and social programs of regional authorities; now the authors focus on the leadership by Yevgeny Savchenko, and his rather paradoxical personal and management views. First, according to Max Weber's typology of authority, Savchenko is a charismatic leader with strong personality traits and careful political behavior, who benefits from the traditional Slavophile populism and institutional design of the gubernatorial powers that has allowed governors to become more powerful compared to other regional actors during 2002-2012. Second, the Belgorod governor's project has quite traditional Russian roots in the spirit of A.V. Chayanov's novel "My brother Alexey's journey to the land of peasant utopia", which allowed the Belgorod modernization project to successfully cope with unpredictable challenges from the Russian oligarchy and global economy, and to use competitive standards of consumer society as the grounds for conservative modernization and solidary society development. The Belgorod governor implements his own model of new economy consisting of the extensive development of solidarity and cooperation; ideals of healthy lifestyle; and freedom in choosing ways to work and to rest (regional authorities support corporate, family and individual strategies of life). Third, Savchenko has publicly articulated his personal political-economic theory reflecting a conglomerate of conservative, socialist and populist ideas, and combining anti-liberalism and statist philosophy as the basis for the revival of the Russian state, which the governor sees as an engine of social progress. ; Экономические успехи Белгородской области представлены в статье как в значительной степени результат аграрных реформ губернатора Евгения Степановича Савченко, которые компенсируют небольшой размер региона и его скромный человеческий капитал. В 2017 году авторы опубликовали статью, в которой подробно описаны экономические и социальные программы регионального правительства, сейчас акцент сделан на лидерском стиле губернатора и его весьма парадоксальных личных и управленческих взглядах. Во-первых, согласно типологии Макса Вебера, Е.С. Савченко-харизматический лидер с сильным характером и осторожный политик, который успешно использует традиционные идеи славянофильства и нынешний институциональный формат губернаторской власти, предоставляющий губернаторам больше полномочий, чем в 2002-2012 годы. Во-вторых, проекты белгородского губернатора вполне соответствуют духу известной работы А.В. Чаянова «Путешествие моего брата Алексея в страну крестьянской утопии», что позволило области успешно противостоять давлению российских олигархов и глобальной экономики, используя стандарты конкуренции общества потребления как фундамент для консервативной модернизации и солидарного общества. Белгородский губернатор последовательно реализует собственную экономическую модель, сочетающую широкое развитие солидарности и кооперации, идеалы здорового образа жизни и гарантии свободы в выборе способов занятости и отдыха. В-третьих, губернатор публично озвучивает свои политэкономические взгляды, представляющие конгломерат консервативных, социалистических и народнических идей и сочетающие антилиберализм и государственничество как основу возрождения российского государства в качестве двигателя общественного прогресса.

This review describes and analyzes the main scientific works of the remarkable BritishRussian sociologist Teodor Shanin (1930–2020). The suggestion is to divide Shanin's rich intellectual heritage into three main genres: anthologies, monographs, and essays.

The review begins with the genre of anthologies, understood in the broadest sense of the word: from a collection of modern scientific articles to collections of excerpts from classical works. In this genre, T. Shanin acted as the head of research projects, the author of editorial introductions and the scientific articles themselves in anthologies devoted to models of scientific knowledge of the world, peasants and peasant communities, developing countries, Marxist theory in connection with the development of Russia, types of informal-expolar economies, reflexive peasant studies, methods of qualitative research, interdisciplinary research of generations.

Shanin's books, written in the genre of authentic scientific monographs, on the social mobility of the Russian peasantry at the beginning of the 20th century, the two-volume "Russia as a Developing Society" and the collection of his selected scientific articles titled "Defining Peasants" are examined.

In conclusion, it is noted that Teodor Shanin was a bright and sharp essayist who left a number of remarkable articles in the essay genre, namely in the later period of his life — when he was living and working in post-Soviet Russia. The defining feature of Shanin as a writing scientist was his ability to think in terms of original models in a wide interdisciplinary context.

The conversation between Boris Doktorov and Alexander Nikulin is devoted to the discussion of the intelligent and existential heritage of the British and Russian sociologist Teodor Shanin (10.29.1930 – 02.04.2020), who passed away this year on the eve of his 90th birthday.
Particular attention in the conversation is paid to the ethical basis of Shanin's intellectual and social activities. On examples from the biography of Teodor Shanin, from childhood memories spent in Stalin's Siberian exile, to Shanin speeches at the symposium "Where is Russia Going" of the post-Soviet period, the most important milestones of the sociopolitical development of Russia are reconstructed, connected by the theme of the people, intelligentsia and power.
A kind of ethical paradox in Shanin's worldview and actions is emphasized, on the one hand, being guided by the principles of ethical relativism, on the other hand, who always insisted on an uncompromising and activist choice of a person in favor of good in the fight against the forces of evil.
In conclusion, the ways of further study and development of Teodor Shanin's heritage are discussed.

A.V. Chayanov was primarily an agrarian economist, but he also possessed encyclopedic interests and knowledge and wrote a series of articles on the history of art, which reflect his peculiar sociology of art. This article is a review of the collection of works which include articles written by this outstanding social thinker. The author considers that Chayanov's articles on the history of collecting artwork in Moscow and on the history of West-European engraving show the original features of his sociological interdisciplinary analysis. Chayanov studied various aspects of social life — history and economics, art and culture — to identify the historical-social types of collectors of fine artwork, the impact of social crises on the nature of collecting, the problems of elitism and egalitarianism in art, and the directions of people's cultural development. All of these issues are still relevant to contemporary studies of art.