Jihadism in Scandinavia: Motivations, Experiences, and Change
Intro -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- The Rise of Modern Jihadism and Foreign Fighting -- The Case of Scandinavian Jihadists -- The Outline of the Book -- References -- 2 Interviewing Jihadists -- Locating and Contacting Jihadists -- From Standard Interviews to Ethnography -- Interaction and Building Trust -- Methodological Awareness in the Gray Zone -- Analyzing the Interview Material -- Can We Trust What Jihadists Say? -- Jihadists as Interviewees -- Notes -- References -- 3 Jihad as a Complex Social Phenomenon -- Jihad and Terrorism -- Jihadist Responses -- A Moving Target -- Different Narratives of Jihad -- Who Is the Enemy and Why Fight? -- Abrogation -- Targeting Civilians? -- Jihad as an Identity in Changing Societies -- Volunteers, Sympathizers, and Professionals -- Spiritual Dimensions of Jihad -- From Collective to Individual Duty -- Four Types of Modern Jihad -- The Local and Global in Interaction -- Notes -- References -- 4 Jihadism in Sweden -- From Al-Shabaab to Lars Vilks -- Toward Al-Qaeda -- The Call From IS -- Attacks in Europe -- Uncertain Future -- References -- 5 Jihadism in Norway -- From Mullah Krekar to Jyllands-Posten -- The Prophet's Ummah and the Syrian Civil War -- Uncertain Future -- References -- 6 Jihadism in Denmark -- From Al-Gama'a Al-Islamiyya to Domestic Plots -- Jyllands-Posten and the Cartoon Crisis -- Gang Connections -- Uncertain Future -- References -- 7 The Changing Nature of Jihad -- From Traditional to Classical Jihad and the First Crisis -- Global Jihad and the Second Crisis -- Socialization into Global Jihad -- Classical Jihadists -- Global Jihadists -- The Importance of Socialization and Its Ambiguities -- Normalization of Jihad -- Classical Jihadists -- Global Jihadists -- Some Ambiguities Among Global Jihadists -- Takfir -- Three Stages of Takfir -- IS and the Increasing Polarization of the Ummah.
