Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Do more women work than before? What the M-shaped curve implies -- 3 The Japanese labour market and social policy arrangements -- 4 Marriage, childbirth, child rearing and women's employment -- 5 Women's employment during the childbirth and child-rearing years -- 6 Re-entry and exit again? Women's careers after childbirth through the post-child-rearing years -- 7 Careers of Japanese single mothers -- 8 Conclusion -- Appendix: supplementary tables -- Index.

AbstractThe enduring COVID‐19 pandemic has gradually transformed our everyday lives. This study focuses on changes in work and family arrangements, with particular focus on changes in domestic help, and examines its impact on the division of domestic labor. Using a social survey of work and the family conducted in November 2020 and May 2021, the results show that from January 2020 (pre‐pandemic) to May 2021, approximately 40% of respondents experienced a reduced gender gap for housework and childcare, while a large gender gap is still observed in the absolute frequency of undertaking domestic labor. Some lifestyle changes triggered by the pandemic, such as an increase in the use of takeaways or delivery meals, and the expansion of working from home, are found to be able to contribute a shift toward more equal sharing of domestic labor. However, the fact that the access to such lifestyle changes is more common among those with a relatively high income or high educational background suggests that the lifestyle changes imposed by the pandemic may exacerbate class disparities in the gender gap in domestic labor. Furthermore, the results show that decreased kinship support results in a greater childcare burden being placed on women.

This study explores the variations in the relationship between women's employment and educational attainment, as well as in women's employment status itself, in 12 industrial societies, referring to welfare regime typology. The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP)2012 survey on 'Family and Changing Gender Roles IV' is used for cross-national analysis. The results suggest that women's employment rate can be explained by the type ofwelfare regime to a certain extent. However, once we break down the employment rate into full-time and part-time components, a great varlatlon emerges within welfare regime. With regard to the relationship between women's educational attainment and employment, welfare regime only partly explains the variation among the 12 countries. Furthermore the lselationship between womens full-time and part-time employment and their educational attainment varies within each type of welfare regime.