Suchergebnisse

Introduction -- Characteristics of bureaus -- Bureaus and their environment -- The bureaucrat's maximand -- Budget and output behavior -- Production behavior -- Comparison of organizational forms -- Effects of changes in demand and cost conditions -- Nonprofit organizations -- The "mixed" bureau -- The multi-service bureau -- Effects of the time-distribution of expenditures -- The behavior of collective organizations -- A model of the review process in representative government -- Bureaucratic behavior in a competitive environment -- An aggregative model of public services in the United States -- The basis for normative judgments -- Bureaucratic alternatives -- Market alternatives -- Political Alternatives -- A Summary Agenda.

Este artículo póstumo del profesor William A. Niskanen compara con clarividencia las cuatro posibilidades de asociación que tiene ante sí la Unión Europea utilizando el criterio de cuál de estas formas de asociación consigue las máximas economías de escala. Después de señalar las sombras y las luces de la Unión Económica en áreas como la agricultura, la defensa, la política medioambiental, comercial y monetaria, y la de investigación, propone como la solución más viable el conformar Europa como una asociación de Estados europeos independientes dispuestos a llevar a cabo medidas de integración selectivas y voluntarias. ; This posthumous article by Professor William A. Niskanen clairvoyantly compares the four association possibilities faced by the European Union, using as criteria which of these forms of association attain the highest scale economies. After depicting the shadows and lights of the Economic Union in sectors such as agriculture, defence, environmental, commercial and monetary policies, and research policies, he sets forth as the most feasible solution, to constitute Europe as an association of independent European States prepared to implement selective and voluntary integration measures.