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ABSTRACT: The publication of a dictionary is regarded as the result of a lexicographic process. Three subtypes of a lexicographic process have been noted, namely the primary comprehensive, the secondary comprehensive and the dictionary specific lexicographic processes. In South Africa, the three lexicography processes correspond to the respective mandates of the Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB), the National Lexicography Units (NLUs) and the editorial teams involved in the compilation of the specific dictionaries. This hierarchical arrangement of the lexicographic practice is supported by the government within the country's national multilingual policy which was lauded in linguistic and lexicographic circles as a triumph for cultural democracy. It is almost a decade since these planned lexicographic processes have been in place. It seems the right time to consider the products of these South African lexicographic processes which are envied by many foreign lexicographers, especially in Africa. Accordingly, the article evaluates these lexicographic processes with special reference to the Tshivend√a–English T√halusamaipfi/Dictionary. Specifically, it addresses the question: To what extent does this dictionary represent lexicographic development in the indigenous South African languages which were marginalised before the establishment of the NLUs? A few insights are drawn from modern lexicographic theories for the general improvement of future lexicographic practice in languages with limited lexicographic tools such as Venda.OPSOMMING: Die Tshivenda–English Thalusamaipfi / Dictionary as 'n produk van Suid-Afrikaanse leksikografiese prosesse. Die publikasie van 'n woordeboek word beskou as die resultaat van 'n leksikografiese proses. Drie ondersoorte van 'n leksikografiese proses is onderskei, naamlik die primêr omvattende, die sekondêr omvattende en die woordeboek-spesifieke leksikografiese prosesse. In Suid-Afrika stem die drie leksikografiese prosesse ooreen met die onderskeie mandate van die Pan-Suid-Afrikaanse Taalraad (PanSAT), die Nasionale Leksikografie-eenhede (NLE's) en die redaksiespanne betrokke by die samestelling van die bepaalde woordeboeke. Hierdie hiërargiese rangskikking van die leksikografiese praktyk word ondersteun deur die regering binne die land se nasionale veeltalige beleid wat in taalkundige en leksikografiese kringe geloof is as 'n triomf vir kulturele demokrasie. Dit is byna 'n dekade sedert hierdie beplande leksikografiese prosesse in plek is. Dit lyk na die regte tyd om die produkte van hierdie Suid-Afrikaanse leksikografiese prosesse te beskou wat deur baie vreemde leksikograwe, veral in Afrika, beny word. Gevolglik beoordeel die artikel hierdie leksikografiese prosesse met spesiale verwysing na die Tshivenda–English Thalusamaipfi/Dictionary. Dit roer veral die vraag aan: Tot watter mate verteenwoordig hierdie woordeboek leksikografiese ontwikkeling in die inheemse Suid-Afrikaanse tale wat gemarginaliseer is voor die totstandkoming van die NLE's? 'n Aantal insigte word verkry van moderne leksikografiese teorieë vir die algemene verbetering van die toekomstige leksikografiese praktyk in tale met beperkte leksikografiese gereedskap, soos Venda.Sleutelwoorde: LEKSIKOGRAFIESE PROSES, LEKSIKOGRAFIESE BEPLANNING, PANSAT, NASIONALE LEKSIKOGRAFIE-EENHEDE, LEKSIKOGRAFIESE PRAKTYK, METALEKSIKOGRAFIE, WOORDEBOEK, TWEETALIGE WOORDEBOEK, MAKROSTRUKTUUR, MIKROSTRUKTUUR

The publication of a dictionary is regarded as the result of a lexicographic process. Three subtypes of a lexicographic process have been noted, namely the primary comprehensive, the secondary comprehensive and the dictionary specific lexicographic processes. In South Africa, the three lexicography processes correspond to the respective mandates of the Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB), the National Lexicography Units (NLUs) and the editorial teams involved in the compilation of the specific dictionaries. This hierarchical arrangement of the lexicographic practice is supported by the government within the country's national multilingual policy which was lauded in linguistic and lexicographic circles as a triumph for cultural democracy. It is almost a decade since these planned lexicographic processes have been in place. It seems the right time to consider the products of these South African lexicographic processes which are envied by many foreign lexicographers, especially in Africa. Accordingly, the article evaluates these lexicographic processes with special reference to the Tshivend√a–English T√halusamaipfi/Dictionary. Specifically, it addresses the question: To what extent does this dictionary represent lexicographic development in the indigenous South African languages which were marginalised before the establishment of the NLUs? A few insights are drawn from modern lexicographic theories for the general improvement of future lexicographic practice in languages with limited lexicographic tools such as Venda.

Central terms and concepts / Pamela Maseko, H. Ekkehard Wolff and Russell H. Kaschula -- Introduction / Russell H. Kaschula, H. Ekkehard Wolff and Pamela Maseko -- Prologue : the essentialist paradox in intellectual discourse on African languages / H. Ekkehard Wolff -- part one. African language empowerment : concept formation and intellectualisation -- 1. Researching the intellectualisation of African languages, multilingualism and education / Russell H. Kaschula and Pamela Maseko -- 2. Language empowerment and intellectualisation through multilingual higher education in South Africa / Pamela Maseko and H. Ekkehard Wolff -- part two. Language planning, terminology development and dictionaries -- 3. Language planning in South Africa : a history / Gregory Kamwendo and Nobuhle Ndimande-Hlongwa -- 4. Language and terminology development in isiXhosa : a history / Koliswa Moropa and Feziwe Shoba -- 5. Multilingual terminology and cognition in assessment / Bassey E. Antia -- 6. IsiXhosa dictionaries, language learning and intercultural communication / Dion Nkomo -- part three. Language in education -- 7. Managing multilingualism in education : policies and practices / Anneke Potgieter and Christine Anthonissen -- 8. University multilingualism : modelling rationales for language policies / Bassey E. Antia -- 9. Language development and multilingualism at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology / Monwabisi K. Ralarala, Eunice Ivala, Ken Barris, Noleen Leach, Linda Manashe and Zakhile Somlata -- 10. Teacher development : promoting a biliteracy approach to epistemic access / Michael Joseph, Nompumelelo Frans and Esther Ramani -- part four. Language in the professions : law, media, science and language technology -- 11. Language and law : 'cultural translation' of narratives into sworn statements / Monwabisi K. Ralarala -- 12. Language and media : isiXhosa in journalism and media studies at a South African university / Jeanne du Toit and Pamela Maseko -- 13. Using African languages to teach science in higher education / Wanga Gambushe, Dion Nkomo and Pamela Maseko -- 14. The development of language technologies in the South African context / Justus C. Roux -- part five. Language, culture and intercultural communication -- 15. Language policy in South Africa through the Sapir-Whorf 'looking glasses' / Russell H. Kaschula and Andre M. Mostert -- 16. Language, intercultural communication and literature / Nogwaja S. Zulu -- 17. Music, literature and multilingualism in the East Cape Opera Company / Hleze Kunju and Russell H. Kaschula -- 18. Beyond language : German Studies in a South African university context / Undine S. Weber, Rebecca S.C. Domingo and Regine B. Fourie