Suchergebnisse

This paper is divided into four parts. The first part traces the interweaving of production (in particular written production) and (in)comprehension as in Demaurian thought. In the second part, a specific study, which is a section of a broader project entitled Public Administration: simplifying decision-making processes, improving performances, is presented. This study's aim is to observe in texts written by the Campania Region those typical linguistic features of bureaucratese which can generate problems of comprehension. For the realization of the study, as a first step three texts homogeneous with respect to some variables but different with respect to others were selected (the texts are public notices or announcements through which European Union financial resources are provided to external and heterogeneous users). As a second step, fourteen comparable articles were extracted from the texts and analyzed at the morphosyntactic, lexical and textual levels. If on the one hand the analysis shows the resistance of a by now consolidated bureaucratese, on the other hand it is possible to outline a bureaucratese moving in synchrony downwards, characterized by grammar mistakes which occur repeatedly at the graphic, syntactic and lexical levels. These grammar mistakes are collected in a model of bureaucratese short ungrammar (sgrammatichetta) elaborated in the third part of the paper. The fourth and last part is a reflection on the role of schools and universities, places dedicated to training in even bureaucratic writing, and on the main results of some didactic experiments already carried out on (re)writing bureaucratic texts.

In questo studio ci si concentra sugli idioletti di due politici tipici nella produzione e ricezione di insulti: una donna, Alessandra Mussolini, affiliata da sempre a partiti di (centro)destra, e un uomo, Matteo Salvini, di cui si considera l'attività comunicativa sin dai tempi in cui era solo segretario federale della Lega. Alla prospettiva di genere è unito un approccio multimodale, cioè non limitato al codice verbale ma esteso all'uso del corpo con valore comunicativo, in particolare ai gesti delle mani e delle braccia. Per quanto riguarda Alessandra Mussolini, i risultati dello studio mostrano come sul piano della comunicazione non verbale spicchino aggressività fisica, uso dello spazio con riduzione o aumento della distanza dall'interlocutrice, atteggiamento di provocazione e di sfida, da intendere quali segnali identitari. La retorica di Salvini è invece caratterizzata dall'allargare le braccia e scuotere la testa, e dal sospirare profondamente, esempio di una regressione anche degli aspetti non verbali del linguaggio della politica verso pulsioni primarie. ; This study focuses on the idiolects of two Italian politicians whose way of producing/receiving insults is exemplary: a woman, i.e. the right-wing activist Alessandra Mussolini, and a man, i.e. Matteo Salvini, who is considered since the days he was only federal secretary of the League. A gender perspective is combined with a multimodal approach not limited to the verbal code but extended to the communicative use of the body, in particular to hand and arm gestures. As regards Alessandra Mussolini, the results of the study show that on the level of non-verbal communication physical aggression, the use of the space in which the distance from the interlocutor is reduced or increased, and provocative and challenging attitudes stand out as identity marks. Salvini's rhetoric is instead characterized by spreading arms, shaking head and deeply sighing, which can be taken as an example of non-verbal language regression in politics towards primary drives.

It is commonly assumed that no epinician song was ever composed for the Spartans, apart from Ibycus' fr. S 166, which Barron persuasively considers an epinician for the victory of a Spartan athlete at the Sicyonian games. A new analysis of Simonides' fr. 34 Poltera (= 519 fr. 132 PMG/S 319) contradicts this assumption, because the fragment was probably part of an epinician ode composed to celebrate a member of the eurypontid family, Zeuxidamos II or his father Leotychidas. The exaltation of their military deeds, together with the mention of their most illustrious ancestors, served to legitimate their right to rule over Sparta, after the coup d'etat enacted by Leotychidas against his relative and former king Damaratus. Another fragment from the same papyrus (fr. 76 Poltera = S 363 SLG) possibly belonged to the same ode and, with its mythological content, suggests that the epinician contained a long genealogical section about the origins of the eurypontid family. The careful examination of the historical data concerning Leotychidas and his son leads to date the ode between 494 and 488 BC, thus adding a new chapter in the history of Simonides' career, which sees a strong relationships with Spartan leaders, well before Pausanias' commitment of Plataea's elegy in 479 BC.

La presente trattazione si presenta come lo studio delle cause e delle soluzioni adottate sia in ambito comunitario, sia nazionale in materia di ritardo dei pagamenti da parte delle pubbliche amministrazioni. Si tratterà della teoria delle obbligazioni pubbliche e della loro tesi di specialità rispetto alla disciplina prevista in tema di obbligazione dal diritto privato. A riguardo si propone un attenta descrizione dei privilegi riconosciuti allo Stato debitore nei relativi rapporti obbligatori. Ci soffermeremo poi sulle conseguenze del patto di stabilità interno, che così com'è congegnato, basandosi sul criterio di competenza mista, crea un effetto "blocco cassa" sui pagamenti. Si descrivono le due direttive europee emanate in materia di transazioni commerciali, ossia la N. 35/2000/CE e la 7/2011/UE e i relativi decreti legislativi di recepimento e le loro modifiche alla disciplina. Si concluderà ponendo in risalto le esigenze di semplificazione e gli interventi legislativi a riguardo, tutti finalizzati a rendere più celere e a semplificare l'adempimento delle obbligazioni di cui una pubblica amministrazione è debitrice.