Suchergebnisse

Part I. London glasshouses -- Part 2. Provincial glasshouses -- Part 3. Glass production

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Aphra Behn 1640-1689 born: England -- Sun Tzu 545-470 BCE born: China -- Mary Bowser c. 1846-unkown born: USA -- Sir Francis Walsingham c. 1532-1590 born: England -- Andrew Parker 1962- born: UK -- Bertrandon de la Broquière c. 1400-1459 born: France -- Hedy Lamarr 1914-2000 born: Austria -- Mochizuki Chiyome c. 1500s born: Japan -- Nathalie Sergueiew 1912-1950 born: Russia -- Alan Turing 1912-1954 born: UK -- Gary Powers 1929-1977 born: USA -- Policarpa Salavarrieta 1795-1817 born: Colombia -- Nancy Wake 1912-2011 born: New Zealand -- John Edgar Hoover 1895-1972 born: USA -- Harold "Kim" Philby 1912-1988 born: India -- Mata Hari 1876-1917 born: Netherlands -- Noor Inayat Khan 1914-1944 born: Russia -- Oleg Gordievsky 1938- born: Russia -- Sidney Reilly c. 1873-1925 born: Russia -- Zheng Pingru 1918-1940 born: China -- GLOSSARY.

This paper explores which items people living in South African informal urban settlements regard as essential for an acceptable standard of living, in the context of the high levels of service delivery protests in urban areas. Comparisons are made with people in rural former homeland areas which are shown to have similar levels of deprivation and service delivery dissatisfaction and yet have few such protests. People in informal urban areas rated infrastructure-related items higher than people in rural former homelands. It is argued that inequality and people's reference groups could help explain these attitudinal discrepancies and the locations of protests.

AbstractThe socially perceived necessities or 'consensual' approach to defining and measuring poverty is based on an assumption that it is possible to obtain a collective view from society on the necessities for an acceptable standard of living. The enforced lack of the necessities due – typically – to lack of resources can be regarded as poverty. The validity of the approach has been questioned on a number of grounds including the argument that people's socio-economic circumstances may influence what they define as a necessity. Widespread lack of material possessions and access to services could result in these items being regarded as 'less necessary', which in turn could artificially deflate the definition of poverty using this approach. Informed by the adaptive preferences literature and drawing on a nationally representative South African Socially Attitudes Survey this paper explores whether there is evidence in South Africa of an association between people's patterns of possession and their definition of items as essential. Notwithstanding the fact that possession of an item is strongly associated with people's preferences, the evidence on balance suggests that widespread lack does not undermine the validity of the approach.

This article demonstrates how benefit-dependent households can be identified at small-area levels in rural areas. Current debates about the nature & extent of rural poverty are outlined. We then explain how municipal administrative data can be mapped at different spatial levels -- Enumeration District & 500-meter grid squares. Such data at small spatial levels are potentially useful components of national indices of deprivation for the allocation of central government resources to local authorities. There remains a need for measures of poverty that can be consistently applied to urban & rural areas for the purposes of national funding allocation. 3 Tables, 4 Figures, 2 Maps, 41 References. Adapted from the source document.

SUMMARY: Recent legislation, requires local authorities to provide services such as day care for children in need. New computer techniques for geo‐spatial analysis—Geographical Information Systems—ore now muck used by local authorities in planning environmental and engineering services. This article explores the extent to which these techniques can be applied to social data and, in particular, whether they are useful for strategic planning of day care and other social service provision.

This paper provides an account of the construction of a tax-benefit microsimulation model for Namibia (NAMOD) which is based on the EUROMOD platform F6.0. Previous research on social security provision in Namibia is reviewed and the current social security, personal income tax and value added tax arrangements are outlined. Various strengths and weaknesses of the Namibian Household Income and Expenditure Survey (NHIES) as an underpinning dataset for NAMOD are highlighted. In particular, the income data in the NHIES is problematic and so analysis of the impact of policies on poverty should be treated with caution. In spite of these challenges, NAMOD provides a starting point from which government can explore issues such as promoting take-up of grants or making changes to the social security system.