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Frontmatter -- Contents -- Tables -- Preface -- 1. Race, Censuses, and Citizenship -- 2. "The Tables present plain matters of fact": Race Categories in U.S. Censuses -- 3. With "time ... , they will be white": Brazilian Censuses and National Identity -- 4. Identities in Search of Bodies: Popular Campaigns Around Censuses -- 5. Counting by Race: More than Numbers -- Appendix: Race Categories and Instructions to Census Enumerators of U.S. Population Censuses, 1850-1960 -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

"Intense interest in past injustice lies at the center of contemporary world politics. Most scholarly and public attention has focused on truth commissions, trials, lustration, and other related decisions, following political transitions. This book examines the political uses of official apologies in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. It explores why minority groups demand such apologies and why governments do or do not offer them. Melissa Nobles argues that apologies can help to alter the terms and meanings of national membership. Minority groups demand apologies in order to focus attention on historical injustices, the rectification of which, they argue, should guide changes in present-day government policies. Similarly, state actors support apologies for ideological and moral reasons, driven by their support of group rights, responsiveness to group demands, and belief that acknowledgment is due. Apologies, as employed by political actors, play an important, if underappreciated, role in bringing certain views about history and moral obligation to bear in public life."--Jacket

Today's Black Lives Matter movement has drawn attention to racial violence, especially lethal police violence, and compared it to the 'Jim Crow' U.S. South. However, this comparison requires more specific information about racial violence during this period. Uncovering and organizing
this information are the main objectives of the Burnham-Nobles Digital Archive. It documents racial killings in the American South, 1930-1954. Racial killings refer to killings where racial animus, or perceived infraction of Jim Crow norms, are documented or reasonably inferred from newspaper
reports or U.S. government and civil rights organization documents. This research note discusses how the Archive contributes to basic comparative politics topics of democratic governance and subnational authoritarianism and methodological concerns, including the creation of databases used
in the comparative study of collective vigilantism.

Abstract
Stress, burnout, and security fatigue continue as slight destroyers of strong cybersecurity and significant human factors concerns. The persistence of these human performance issues is concerning given the lack of mitigation and integration of human factors practitioners to mitigate these adverse risk circumstances. Security fatigue is not a new phenomenon but the evolving nature of cybersecurity results in various sub-categories of security fatigue; thus, making it a difficult problem to solve. Stress and burnout are major causes of short tenures in senior roles for security executives. Business decision-makers lack the expertise to explore the negative influences of stress, burnout, and security fatigue on cybersecurity. Technology-led cycles are organizations' primary course of action to mitigate cybersecurity threats, resulting in complexity debt and making businesses more vulnerable to attacks. Human factors professionals can identify high-friction areas that degrade human performance and implement initiatives to reduce the risk. Human performance degradation in cybersecurity is a critical risk factor and requires immediate attention, given that cybercriminals continue to exploit human weaknesses to gain access to sensitive and critical infrastructure.

Abstract
Human factors remained unexplored and underappreciated in information security. The mounting cyber-attacks, data breaches, and ransomware attacks are a result of human-enabled errors, in fact, 95% of all cyber incidents are human-enabled. Research indicates that existing information security plans do not account for human factors in risk management or auditing. Corporate executives, managers, and cybersecurity professionals rely extensively on technology to avert cybersecurity incidents. Managers fallaciously believe that technology is the key to improving security defenses even though research indicates that new technologies create unintended consequences; nonetheless, technological induced errors are human-enabled. Managers' current perspective on the human factors problem information security is too narrow in scope and more than a training problem. The management of complex cybersecurity operations accompanied by mounting human factor challenges exceeds the expertise of most information security professionals; yet, managers are reluctant to seek the expertise of human factors specialists, cognitive scientists, and behavioral analysts to implement effective strategies and objectives to reduce human-enabled error in information security.

The U.S. military has long been claimed as a model for racial integration, having been integrated by executive order before the general population; significantly, too, the military is constantly shuffling but organized by service branch and rank, and so installation neighborhoods are more prone to organized diversity than their civilian counterparts, which tend toward homogeneity based on race and class. For the estimated two million children growing up in this system, such experiences of diversity provoke worthwhile questions of what influence those military children will have upon leaving the military system for the civilian world. Many have speculated that military children are more comfortable with constructive racial integration than their civilian peers; as third culture kids, they have been referred to as prototypes for the future due to their blended identities and global backgrounds. Yet as sociologist Dr. Morton Ender noted back in 2006, no one has yet done a study specifically looking at race among military kids; as of 2015, as far as I can tell, this claim remains true. In this paper, I look at the content and quality of what now-adult military kids say about race to explore the constructive elements of their rhetoric about race in and after the system, as well as to consider the unique challenges and anxieties involved in living out racial experiences in unusual and shifting environments. ; Presented at Race and/or Reconciliation, the Third Conference on Veterans in Society, which took place in Roanoke, VA from November 12-14, 2015. ; Conference hosted by the Center for the Study of Rhetoric in Society, Department of English http://www.rhetoric.english.vt.edu/

This article analyzes the central arguments and findings of "transitional justice," the study of how incoming rulers address the human rights abuses of outgoing regimes. A scholarly consensus suggests the balance of political power matters most for explanations of transitional justice decision making. However, other important influences include international factors and the passage of time combined with democratic governance and/or emotions. Our review finds no consensus on the efficacy of transitional justice measures, in part because few studies currently exist. However, existing studies suggest that trials and truth commissions neither destabilize democracy nor foster animosity, respectively. Finally, this article considers whether restricting the study of transitional justice to third-wave democracies is appropriate in light of recent developments in long-established democracies.

This article analyses the central arguments and findings of "transitional justice," the study of how incoming rulers address the human rights abuses of outgoing regimes, A scholarly consensus suggests the balance of political power matters most for explanations of transitional justice decision making, However, other important influences include international factors and the passage of time combined with democratic governance and/or emotions. Our review finds no consensus on the efficacy of transitional justice measures, in part because few studies currently exist. However, existing studies suggest that trials and truth commissions neither destabilize democracy nor foster animosity, respectively. Finally, this article considers whether restricting the study of transitional justice to third-wave democracies is appropriate in light of recent developments in long-established democracies. Adapted from the source document.