Suchergebnisse

Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing has been identified by the UN as one of the seven major threats to global maritime security; it causes loss of economic revenue, severe environmental damage, and far-reaching livelihood implications for coastal communities. Indonesia, by far the biggest archipelagic state, faces enormous challenges in all aspects of IUU fishing and addressing those is one of the current Indonesian Government's top priorities. This article addresses the under-researched dimension of how IUU fishing affects fishing communities. With the use of collage making focus groups with fishermen from different Indonesian fishing communities, the research highlights the interrelated environmental (depletion of resources), socio-economic (unbridled illegal activities at sea), cultural (favouritism) and political (weak marine governance) dimensions of IUU fishing as experienced at the local level. However, the research also indicates a strong will by fishermen to be seen as knowledge agents who can help solve the problem by better dissemination of information and cooperation between the local government(s) and the fishing communities. The article concludes by arguing for the involvement of local fishing communities in national and international policy making that addresses IUU fishing.

1. Non-state actors from the perspective of legal positivism : the communitarian semantics for the secondary rules of international law / Jean d'Aspremont -- 2. Non-state actors from an international constitutionalist perspective : participation matters! / Thomas Kleinlein -- 3. Non-state actors from the perspective of a pure theory of law / Jorg Kammerhofer -- 4. Non-state actors from the perspective of the policy-oriented school : power, law, actors and the view from new haven / Antony d'Amato -- 5. Towards an interdisciplinary approach to non-state participation in the formation of global law and order / Math Noortmann -- 6. Non-state actors in French legal scholarship : international legal personality in question / Nicolas Leroux -- 7. Non-state actors in North American legal scholarship : four lessons for the progressive and critical international lawyer / Remi Bachand -- 8. Non-state actors in Southeast Asia : how does civil society contribute towards norm-building in a state-centric environment? / Tan Hsien-Li -- 9. Contemporary Russian perspectives on non-state actors : fear of the loss of state sovereignty / Lauri Malksoo -- 10. Non-state actors from the perspective of the international court of justice / Gleider I. Hernandez -- 11. Non-state actors from the perspective of the international law commission / Gentian Zyberi -- 12. Non-state actors from the perspective of the Institut de Droit International / Francois Rigaux -- 13. Non-state actors from the perspective of international criminal tribunals / Guido Acquaviva -- 14. Non-state actors from the perspective of the International Committee of the Red Cross / Raphael van Steenberghe -- 15. The International Law Association and non-state actors : professional network, public interest group or epistemic community? / Math Noortmann -- 16. NGOs' perspectives on non-state actors / Gaelle Breton-Le Goff -- 17. Non-state actors and human rights : corporate responsibility and the attempts to formalize the role of corporations as participants in the international legal system / Eric de Brabandere -- 18. Non-state actors in international humanitarian law / Cedric Ryngaert -- 19. Non-state actors in international criminal law / Cassandra Steer -- 20. Non-state actors in international institutional law : non-state, inter-state or supra-state? : the peculiar identity of the intergovernmental organization / Richard Collins -- 21. Non-state actors in international peace and security : non-state actors and the use of force / Nicholas Tsagourias -- 22. Non-state actors in international dispute settlement : pragmatism in international law / Eric de Brabandere -- 23. Non-state actors in international investment law : the legal personality of non-state actors in international investment law / Patrick Dumberry and Erik Labelle-Eastaugh -- 24. Non-state actors in international environmental law : a Rousseauist perspective / Makane Moise Mbengue -- 25. Non-state actors in refugee law : l'etat, c'est moi : refugee law as a response to non-state action / Penelope Mathew -- 26. Non-state actors in European law : enhanced participation of non-state actors in EU law-making and law-enforcement processes : a quest for legitimacy / Damien Gerard -- 27. Conclusion : inclusive law-making and law-enforcement processes for an exclusive international legal system / Jean d'Aspremont.

Combining normative analysis and theory-driven empirical research in a comparative framework, this volume clarifies and explains the connections between regional international governance, legitimacy and democracy. It focuses on the quality of democracy and the legitimacy of policy making in multilevel regional systems. The volume offers a much-needed clarification of confusing concepts such as legitimacy, democracy and 'civil society' in non-national political systems. It critically assesses the quality of democracy and legitimacy within different Regional International Organizations (RIOs); it examines how networks of non-state actors become a kind of transnational civil society and assesses their potential for solving legitimacy deficits; and it investigates the impact of democratic conditionality in different RIOs. The contributors deepen our understanding of a relatively new non-state actor on the international scene - the regional international organization - and investigate the potential contribution of transnational non-state actors to the quality of governance at the regional level.

Preliminary Material -- Introduction: Responsibilities of the Non-State Actor in Armed Conflict and the Market Place /Noemi Gal-Or , Math Noortmann and Cedric Ryngaert -- A View from the Trenches /Geoffrey Harris -- 1 Non-State Actor Responsibilities: Obligations, Monitoring and Compliance /Barbara K. Woodward -- 2 Shared Responsibility of Non-State Actors: A Human Rights Perspective /Wouter Vandenhole -- 3 International Legal Personality, Collective Entities, and International Crimes /Joanna Kyriakakis -- 4 Responsibilities of Armed Opposition Groups and Corporations for Violations of International Law and Possible Sanctions /Jordan J. Paust -- 5 MNEs as Enterprises in International Law /Robin F. Hansen -- 6 Markets as an Accountability Mechanism in International Law /Anne van Aaken -- 7 International Corporate Criminal Liability for Private Military and Security Companies—A Possibility? /Pauline Collins -- 8 Investors' Responsibility towards Host-States? Regulation of Corruption in Investor-State Arbitration /Dai Tamada -- 9 Responsibility of Private Entities in International Environmental Law: Transport of Oil by Sea and Nuclear Energy Production /Manuel de Almeida Ribeiro -- 10 ITLOS Case No. 17 and the Evolving Principles for Corporate Accountability under International Law /Sara L. Seck and Anna Dolidze -- 11 Establishing Direct Responsibility of Armed Opposition Groups for Violations of International Humanitarian Law? /Veronika Bílková -- 12 International Responsibility of Armed Opposition Groups: Lessons from State Responsibility for Actions of Armed Opposition Groups /Sten I. Verhoeven -- 13 Establishing the Direct Responsibility of Non-State Armed Groups for Violations of International Norms: Issues of Attribution /Annyssa Bellal -- 14 Beyond Attribution: Responsibility of Armed Non-State Actors for Reparations in Northern Ireland, Colombia and Uganda /Luke Moffett -- 15 International Responsibility of the AOG in International Law: Is there a Case for an African Approach? /Francis Kofi Abiew and Noemi Gal-Or -- Conclusion: Can the AOG and MNC Be Liable in International Law? /Noemi Gal-Or , Math Noortmann and Cedric Ryngaert -- Index.

Reinalda, B.; Arts, B.; Noortmann, M.: Non-state actors in international relations: do they matter? - S. 1-8. Reinalda, B.: Private in form, public in purpose: NGOs in international relations theory. - S. 11-40. Arts, B.: International policy arrangements of state and non-state actors. - S. 41-58. Noortmann, M.: Non-state actors in international law. - S. 59-76. Weenink, A.: The relevance of being important or the importance of being relevant? State and non-state actors in international relations theory. - S. 79-92. Vollaard, H.: The de-territorialisation of political authority by the European Union. - S. 93-108. Esch, F.: Defining national preferences: the influence of international non-state actors. - S. 109-125. Verbeek, B.; Quarles van Ufford,, P.: Non-state actors in foreign policy making: a policy subsystem approach. - S. 127-144. Reinalda, B.; Verbeek, B.: Theorising power relations between NGOs, inter-governmental organisations and states. - S. 145-158. Roozendaal, G.: The influence of trade unions on the social clause controversy in the International Labour Organisation and its working party. - S. 161-176. Hogenboom, B.: Co-operation and discord: NGOs and the NAFTA. - S. 177-193. Arts, B.: The impact of environmental NGOs on international conventions. - S. 195-210. Kolk, A.: Multinational enterprises and international climate policy. - S. 211-225. Chabot, S.: Building transnational advocacy networks before 1965: diffusion from the Indian nationalist movement to the American civil rights movement. - S. 229-245. Biekart, K.: The impact of private aid agencies on civil society development. - S. 247-262. Bakker, E.: Early warning by NGOs in conflict areas. - S. 263-277. Weenink, A.: The Russian mafiya: a private actor in international relations? - S. 279-296. Noortmann, M.; Arts, B.; Reinalda, B.: The quest for unity in empirical and conceptual complexity. - S. 299-307