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This article discusses the relationship between the newspaper market structure in a region and the diversity of local news. It introduces some partial results on studies based on substantial media concentration within two very different regiona newspaper markets in the North and in the South of Sweden. The findings suggest that the relationship between newspaper competition and local news diversity is rather complicated. The study gives some support to the thought that ruinous competition sometimes could be as bad for news diversity as monopoly media. ; Este artículo trata sobre la relación entre la estructura de mercado regional para los periódicos impresos y la diversidad de las noticias locales. Presenta los resultados parciales de algunos estudios basados en la concentración de medios impresos en dos mercados regionales muy diferentes en el Norte y el Sur de Suecia. Los hallazgos sugieren que la relación entre la competencia entre los diarios y la diversidad de las noticias locales es más bien compleja. El estudio sustenta, asimismo, la idea de que la competencia destructiva en ocasiones puede ser tan negativa para la diversidad en la información como los mercados monopolísticos.

Šio straipsnio tikslas – aptarti svarbiausius Švedijos žiniasklaidos sistemos pokyčius ir jų poveikį žiniasklaidos turiniui ir naujienų žurnalistikai. Švedijos žiniasklaidos raida straipsnyje lyginama su Baltijos ir Šiaurės regionu, aptariamos mažų šalių žiniasklaidos rinkos galimybės plėtoti ir apjungti nacionalinius bruožus kartu su stiprėjančiomis globalios rinkos tendencijomis. Pagrindinė straipsnio išvada – nebėra charakteringos, atskiros Šiaurės šalių rinkos, tačiau atsiranda įvairūs junginiai tarp demokratinių-korporatyvinių, nacionalinių struktūrų ir gloalinių, liberalių įtakų. Pagaliau, šį integralų procesą labiau veikia tokie instituciniai veiskniai, kaip: visuomeninės žiniasklaidos idealai ir profesinės normos, negu veiksnios vyriausybės priemonės.Swedish media between politics and marketLars W. Nord SummaryThe objective of this article is to describe and discuss the most important changes within the Swedish media system and their consequences on media performance and news journalism. Furthermore, the article compares media development in Sweden with the Baltic-Nordic region in general and discusses the possibility for small media markets to develop and combine national distinctive features with emerging global market trends. The main conclusion is that there remains no typical, single Nordic market, but rather different variations of mixtures of democratic corporativist national structures and more global liberal influences. Furthermore, this integration process is driven more by media institutional factors such as public service ideals and professional norms, than by proactive governmental policies.Key words: Media system, media policy, commercialization, media markets, globalization

This article focuses on the process of hybridization of political campaigns, using Sweden as a case study, & raises three main research questions. First, how do global campaign practices influence the national campaign context in Sweden? Second, how does the Swedish political structure & political culture influence the adaptation of global trends in this area? Third, how can a possible hybridization of political campaigning be characterized in Sweden? The data in this study are mainly based on structured interviews with party secretaries & campaign officials in all seven parties with seats in the Swedish Parliament. The results indicate that the hybridization of political communication practices in Sweden is characterized by a growing use of global campaign practices. Marketing tools are frequently used for opinion analyses, but there are substantial obstacles to a complete implementation of modern practices. To some extent this can be explained by existing laws & regulations but, above all, by public perceptions of parties, politics, & elections. Sweden is a country with a structural framework where global campaign features can be transformed to a large extent. However, a political culture more influenced by a national campaign context somewhat curtails this transformation process. Tables, Figures, References. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2006 by the President and the Fellows of Harvard College.]

This article focuses on the process of hybridization of political campaigns, using Sweden as a case study, and raises three main research questions. First, how do global campaign practices influence the national campaign context in Sweden? Second, how does the Swedish political structure and political culture influence the adaptation of global trends in this area? Third, how can a possible hybridization of political campaigning be characterized in Sweden? The data in this study are mainly based on structured interviews with party secretaries and campaign officials in all seven parties with seats in the Swedish Parliament. The results indicate that the hybridization of political communication practices in Sweden is characterized by a growing use of global campaign practices. Marketing tools are frequently used for opinion analyses, but there are substantial obstacles to a complete implementation of modern practices. To some extent this can be explained by existing laws and regulations but, above all, by public perceptions of parties, politics, and elections. Sweden is a country with a structural framework where global campaign features can be transformed to a large extent. However, a political culture more influenced by a national campaign context somewhat curtails this transformation process.

Discusses professionalization of political campaigns, focusing on use of public relations consultants and advertising agencies, and domestic factors in Sweden that counter international trends.

Šio straipsnio tikslas – aptarti svarbiausius Švedijos žiniasklaidos sistemos pokyčius ir jų poveikį žiniasklaidos turiniui ir naujienų žurnalistikai. Švedijos žiniasklaidos raida straipsnyje lyginama su Baltijos ir Šiaurės regionu, aptariamos mažų šalių žiniasklaidos rinkos galimybės plėtoti ir apjungti nacionalinius bruožus kartu su stiprėjančiomis globalios rinkos tendencijomis. Pagrindinė straipsnio išvada – nebėra charakteringos, atskiros Šiaurės šalių rinkos, tačiau atsiranda įvairūs junginiai tarp demokratinių-korporatyvinių, nacionalinių struktūrų ir gloalinių, liberalių įtakų. Pagaliau, šį integralų procesą labiau veikia tokie instituciniai veiskniai, kaip: visuomeninės žiniasklaidos idealai ir profesinės normos, negu veiksnios vyriausybės priemonės.Swedish media between politics and marketLars W. Nord
SummaryThe objective of this article is to describe and discuss the most important changes within the Swedish media system and their consequences on media performance and news journalism. Furthermore, the article compares media development in Sweden with the Baltic-Nordic region in general and discusses the possibility for small media markets to develop and combine national distinctive features with emerging global market trends. The main conclusion is that there remains no typical, single Nordic market, but rather different variations of mixtures of democratic corporativist national structures and more global liberal influences. Furthermore, this integration process is driven more by media institutional factors such as public service ideals and professional norms, than by proactive governmental policies.Key words: Media system, media policy, commercialization, media markets, globalization

The relationship between journalists and their political sources is often described as symbiotic. Furthermore, political sources are often regarded as more powerful than journalists in this relationship. However, most of the research referred to in the international literature is done in the US or Britain. Therefore, the question regarding the relationship between journalists and their political sources, in terms of power, needs to be asked in other countries. This article examines the relationship between journalists and their political sources in Sweden during the National Election in 2002, and in so doing makes a distinction between the power over the process of news making and the media agenda, and the power over the content and the framing of news stories. The results show the importance of making such a distinction. They also show that, in Sweden, it is the journalists and not their political sources that lead the tango most of the time.

How did the Swedish media coverage of the terror attacks against the United States and the U.S. attacks in Afghanistan differ when it came to the use of sources, speculations, and anti-American and anti-Muslim reporting? That is the central question in this study. The results show that the Swedish media coverage of the terror attacks and the war in Afghanistan differed in many respects. There are many reasons for this, but one main explanation maybe found in the different categories of the two crises with regard to media preparations and media routines. Another important explanation might be the increasing commercialization and reliance on a particular kind of media logic within Swedish media.

How did the Swedish media coverage of the terror attacks against the United States & the U.S. attacks in Afghanistan differ when it came to the use of sources, speculations, & anti-American & anti-Muslim reporting? That is the central question in this study. The results show that the Swedish media coverage of the terror attacks & the war in Afghanistan differed in many respects. There are many reasons for this, but one main explanation maybe found in the different categories of the two crises with regard to media preparations & media routines. Another important explanation might be the increasing commercialization & reliance on a particular kind of media logic within Swedish media. 6 Tables, 1 Figure, 32 References. [Copyright 2003 Sage Publications, Inc.]

Examines differences related to the use of sources, speculations, and anti-American and anti-Muslim reporting.