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We intend to draw attention to a topic in practical argumentation that is complex, unavoidable and of substantial consequence in social, political and economical terms: polemics. Our target is a rather frequent —and far from trivial— type of polemics, those that are generated around action proposals that affect public well-being. Our aim is to develop a framework to identify the argumentative components of an actual controversy and eventually provide means to intervene in the ongoing disputation. With that focus, in this paper we outline the basic elements of a conceptual framework that will allow us to map the topic and articulate some salient opportunities. ; The authors wish to acknowledge the support of SINTELNET (FET Open Coordinated Action FP7-ICT-2009-C Project No. 286370) in the writing of this paper ; Peer reviewed

Of all the uses ofwater, agriculture is the one that requires the greatest proportion of resourcesworldwide. Consequently, it is a salient subject for environmental policy-making, and adoption of modern irrigation systems is a key means to improve water use efficiency. In this paper we present an agent-based model of the adoption process — known as "modernisation" — of a community constituted by farmer agents. The phenomenon is approached as a contingent innovation adoption: A first stage to reach a collective agreement followed by an individual adoption decision. The model is based on historical data from two Spanish irrigation communities during the period 1975–2010. Results suggest that individual profits and farm extension (as proxy of social influence) are suitable assumptions when modelling the modernisation of communities in regions where agriculture is strongly market-oriented andwater is scarce. These encouraging results point towards the interest of more sophisticated socio-cognitive modelling within a more realistic socio-hydrologic context. ; The first author is supported with the industrial doctoral grant 2016DI043 of the Catalan Secretariat for Universities and Research (AGAUR), sponsored by FCC AQUALIA SA, IIIA-CSIC, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB). This research has been also supported by the CIMBVAL project (Spanish government, project # TIN2017-89758-R).

Of all the uses ofwater, agriculture is the one that requires the greatest proportion of resourcesworldwide. Consequently, it is a salient subject for environmental policy-making, and adoption of modern irrigation systems is a key means to improve water use efficiency. In this paper we present an agent-based model of the adoption process — known as "modernisation" — of a community constituted by farmer agents. The phenomenon is approached as a contingent innovation adoption: A first stage to reach a collective agreement followed by an individual adoption decision. The model is based on historical data from two Spanish irrigation communities during the period 1975–2010. Results suggest that individual profits and farm extension (as proxy of social influence) are suitable assumptions when modelling the modernisation of communities in regions where agriculture is strongly market-oriented andwater is scarce. These encouraging results point towards the interest of more sophisticated socio-cognitive modelling within a more realistic socio-hydrologic context. ; The first author is supported with the industrial doctoral grant 2016DI043 of the Catalan Secretariat for Universities and Research (AGAUR), sponsored by FCC AQUALIA SA, IIIA-CSIC, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB). This research has been also supported by the CIMBVAL project (Spanish government, project # TIN2017-89758-R).

This chapter addresses the problem of building normative multi-agent systems in terms of regulatory mechanisms. It describes a static conceptual model through which one can specify normative multi-agent systems along with a dynamic model to capture their operation and evolution. The chapter proposes a typology of applications and presents some open problems. In the last section, the authors express their individual views on these matters ; Munindar Singh's effort was partially supported by the U.S. Army Research Office under grant W911NF-08-1-0105. The content of this paper does not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the U.S. Government; no official endorsement should be inferred or implied. Nicoletta Fornara's effort is supported by the Hasler Foundation project nr. 11115-KG and by the SER project nr. C08.0114 within the COST Action IC0801 Agreement Technologies. Henrique Lopes Cardoso's effort is supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), under project PTDC/EIA-EIA/104420/2008. Pablo Noriega's effort has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through the Agreement Technologies CONSOLIDER project under contract CSD2007-0022, and the Generalitat of Catalunya grant 2009-SGR-1434. ; Peer Reviewed

The mWater scenario requires the expression and use of regulations of different sorts: from actual laws and regulations issued by governments, to policies and local regulations issued by basin managers, to social norms that prevail in a given community of users. Some will be regimented as part of the electronic institutional framework specification, but others need to be expressed in a declarative form so that one may reason about them, both off- and on-line, both at design and at run time, and both from the institutional (or legislative) perspective and the agent's individual perspective. Issues that are relevant in this respect range from the choice of expressive formalism to the decision-making strategies that agents might use to comply or disobey regulations. Thus, structural aspects like governance, dynamics of norms (also from the legislative and execution perspectives) as well as criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of norms may and need to be explored in the demonstrator. ; Botti Navarro, VJ.; Garrido Tejero, A.; Giret Boggino, AS.; Igual, F.; Noriega, P.; Igual (2013). mWater Analysis. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/32106

The use of agent-directed simulation in archaeology has a relatively long tradition. However, these simulations have been always oriented mainly to study spatial processes and resource management and systematically ignore an essential aspect of any society: the use of social and institutional norms as a mechanism to regulate the behaviour of the individuals. In this paper we propose a norm-centric simulation (in contrast to the traditional resource-centric simulation) where the normative system is both the core of the simulation and the subject of study. Ourfinal goal is to set the foundations of a rather general model of social behaviour in a hunter-fisher-gatherer (HFG) society without political institutions but with strict social norms. ; El uso de simulación de agentes dirigida en arqueología tiene, relativamente, una larga tradición. Sin embargo, estas simulaciones han estado orientadas, principalmente, a estudiar los procesos espaciales y la gestión de los recursos y sistemáticamente han hecho caso omiso de un aspecto esencial de toda sociedad: el uso de las normas sociales e institucionales como mecanismo para regular el comportamiento de los individuos. En este artículo se propone una norma centrada en la simulación (en contraste con la simulación tradicional centrada en los recursos) donde el sistema normativo es a la vez el núcleo de la simulación y el objeto de estudio. Nuestro objetivo final es establecer las bases de un modelo general del comportamiento social de una sociedad cazadora-pescadora-recolectora (CPR) sin instituciones políticas, pero con estrictas normas sociales.

Altres ajuts: CSIC/PIFCOO-08-00017 ; El uso de simulación de agentes dirigida en arqueología tiene, relativamente, una larga tradición. Sin embargo, estas simulaciones han estado orientadas, principalmente, a estudiar los procesos espaciales y la gestión de los recursos y sistemáticamente han hecho caso omiso de un aspecto esencial de toda sociedad: el uso de las normas sociales e institucionales como mecanismo para regular el comportamiento de los individuos. En este artículo se propone una norma centrada en la simulación (en contraste con la simulación tradicional centrada en los recursos) donde el sistema normativo es a la vez el núcleo de la simulación y el objeto de estudio. Nuestro objetivo final es establecer las bases de un modelo general del comportamiento social de una sociedad cazadora-pescadora-recolectora (CPr) sin instituciones políticas, pero con estrictas normas sociales. ; The use of agent-directed simulation in archaeology has a relatively long tradition. However, these simulations have been always oriented mainly to study spatial processes and resource management and systematically ignore an essential aspect of any society: the use of social and institutional norms as a mechanism to regulate the behaviour of the individuals. In this paper we propose a norm-centric simulation (in contrast to the traditional resource-centric simulation) where the normative system is both the core of the simulation and the subject of study. Our final goal is to set the foundations of a rather general model of social behaviour in a hunter-fisher-gatherer (HFG) society without political institutions but with strict social norms.