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1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Least Cost Theory -- 1.3 Central Place and Interdependence Theories -- 1.4 Other Approaches -- 1.5 Conclusion -- 2 Objectives of the Study -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Description of the Theoretical Model -- 2.3 Comparison with Planning Models -- 2.4 Objectives of the Study -- 3 Static Model Assuming Constant Returns to Scale -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Locational Framework, Production and Transport Activities -- 3.3 Disposal Activities -- 3.4 Constraints Imposed by Market Conditions -- 3.5 Costs -- 3.6 Specification of the Programming Problem -- 4 The Static Model with Increasing Returns -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Economies of Scale -- 4.3 Respecification of the Programming Problem: Part I -- 4.4 Quasi Production Activities -- 4.5 Total Production Costs for the Production Unit -- 4.6 Respecification of the Programming Problem: Part II -- 4.7 Combination of Production Activities -- 4.8 Computational Problems -- 5 Case Study—The Cement Industry -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Structure of the UK Industry -- 5.3 Cost Structure of the Industry -- 5.4 Spatial Characteristics of the Market Area -- 6 Solution of the Static Cement Study -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Calculated Optimum for the Static Study -- 6.3 Sensitivity Analysis -- 6.4 Comparison of Actual and Calculated Distributions -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 7 The Multiperiod Version of the Model -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Restatement of the Objective -- 7.3 Decision Variables -- 7.4 Cost Parameters -- 7.5 Edge Effects Associated with Capital Costs -- 7.6 The Multiperiod Programming Problem -- 7.7 Case Study: Introduction -- 7.8 Market Area -- 7.9 Cost Estimates -- 7.10 Solution of the Multiperiod Model -- 8 A Competitive Model Assuming Free Entry -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The Model -- 8.3 Application to the Cement Study -- 8.4 Solution of the Model -- 8.5 The Model Assuming Elastic Demand -- 8.6 Solution Assuming Elastic Demand -- 8.7 Conclusions -- 9 Conclusions -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Programming Models and Planning -- 9.3 The Nature of Economies of Scale -- 9.4 Locational Influences: The Static Model -- 9.5 Locational Influences: The Multiperiod Model -- 9.6 The Competitive Model -- 9.7 The Importance of Transport Costs -- Appendices -- A Additional Notation for Chapter 3 -- B Summary of United Nations (1963) Study Data -- C General Data for the U.K. and U.S. Cement Industries -- D Regional and County Analysis of Cement Deliveries (1965) -- E Estimated Road Distances -- Notes.

Competition policy aims to prevent anticompetitive agreements and mergers, limiting the abusive exercise of market power. The formulation and application of this policy presents significant challenges, which include showing that proposed mergers are anticompetitive, proving that firms are members of cartels and defending apparently restrictive vertical agreements. For this insightful volume the editor has selected key papers which illustrate how far we have come towards meeting these challenges. They provide comprehensive developmental coverage of the theory that underpins and justifies competition policy, and of the econometric tests that demonstrate its effects and violations. This timely book will be an invaluable resource to researchers and practitioners alike with an interest in this important subject

ABSTRACTWe analyse how product line rivalry by multi‐product oligopolists is affected by market size and product substitutability. We show that the width and degree of overlap in competing product lines is determined by the tension between two effects: the drive to 'be where the demand is' and the desire to weaken competition and intra‐firm product cannibalization. Product lines are shown to be wider and more overlapped in large markets and when product substitutability is weak. Our analysis suggests that firms can increase their profits by agreeing not to overlap their product lines.