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"Psychology as a science and a discipline must do more than merely acknowledge that we live in a digital environment with computers and automation. It must do more than add a footnote, chapter, or illustration to current texts while perpetuating theories developed in the pre-digital world. Instead, it must rethink its basic theories in every area - from sensory and perception to social and clinical. Fortunately, this is already occurring in many areas. Cognitive science and neuroscience were founded in the digital age, and human factors psychology has embraced the interaction with computers, but some areas have fallen behind. Rather than make too much of this now, instead we will develop and push these areas forward as we go through the successive chapters of this book. In doing so, we will try to cover the full range of psychology"--

Objective: In this study, I seek to emphasize the contributions of cognitive psychology and human factors research in the design of menu selection systems. Background: Menu selection systems are used in computer interfaces to allow users to enter choices, set parameters, and navigate to items, functions, and locations. Designers of these systems have many choices concerning the organizational structure and layout of the menu interface. Method: I review several of these concerning hierarchies of menus, organization and clustering of items, and item distinctiveness. Special attention is given to cases in which designer's intuition differed from theory and experimental results. Result: Cognitive psychology and human factors have contributed both theory and empirical research that have helped to resolve differences of opinion and establish general principles for design. Conclusion: It is argued that cognitive psychology has contributed substantially to the design of better menu selection systems. Application: It is imperative that designers continue to apply these findings to interfaces that they develop and that researchers continue to study the characteristics and efficacy of innovative menu designs as they appear.

A brief introduction to Anderson's information integration theory is provided and its application to transportation mode choice is outlined. A similar discussion is provided for the "policy capturing" approach to information processing in judgment. The two approaches are compared and contrasted. Their application to transportation problems is illustrated in a series of four laboratory experiments in which student subjects evaluated different bus systems according to their likelihood of using them. In the first experiment, subjects judged bus systems described by different fares, headways, and walking distances arranged in a factorial design. In the second experiment, subjects judged systems described by different fares, headways, reliabilities, parking costs, and travel time differences arrayed in a fractional factorial design. In the third experiment, subjects judged bus systems with different fares, gasoline prices, reliabilities, and headways. In the last experiment, subjects judged bus systems with different values of fare, walking distance, length of service, stops along the route, and travel purposes. In all experiments, subjects were found to act "as if" they processed the bus system information by means of a multiplicative strategy. Implications of the multiplicative strategy are discussed for system design.