Suchergebnisse

The article reviews the representations of youth of the North Caucasus of the Soviet national-state heritage and national policy, and their role in the formation of Russian identity. The goal is to study ideas of young people about the Soviet historical heritage, and to determine the similarities and differences in the ideas of the youth of the Russian and Caucasian peoples about Soviet identity and values and the national policy of the USSR. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is made up of main approaches and concepts of foreign and Russian scholars of the problem of the formation of civil nations and the role of ideas about the historical in the formation of national-state identity. The empirical basis is sociological research consisting of ideas and views of young people in the North Caucasus in the field of Soviet historical heritage. It can be assumed that the role of ideas about the Soviet era in the formation of the national-state identity of modern youth in the North Caucasus is important for the majority of respondents. A number of traditional values of the Soviet era, such as a respect for the person of labor, social equality, and the comprehensive development of the individual guaranteed by the state are still important for today's youth. Most young people do not remember the achievements and shortcomings of the Soviet nationality policy in the region. In general, the study with a high degree of probability indicates that that Soviet national-state heritage is an important factor in the formation of the identity of the modern youth of the North Caucasus. The harmonization of interethnic relations and the formation of interethnic harmony among young people are largely determined by their attitudes to the Soviet historical heritage. Further work in forming a single conceptual basis for the policy of historical memory for a multiethnic region is still necessary, as is more consistency in the work of government bodies for its implementation. Representations of history should be of a consolidating nature, contributing to the formation of historical continuity and general guidelines for the national identity of young people.

Introduction. The article presents the results of the research, which helped to determine the assessments and perceptions of young people in the Caucasus region about the state, nature and direction of the development of ethnopolitical processes, to identify common and special in the views of youth in the North and South Caucasus. Methods and Materials. Sociological research within the framework of the scientific project "Ethno-Political Processes in the Caucasus in the Assessments and Perceptions of Modern Youth" was carried out by the authors of the article in 2019 using the online survey method. 2,000 respondents were interviewed, namely students of leading universities of the region (1,000 respondents were interviewed in the North Caucasus and 1,000 respondents in the South Caucasus), the age of the respondents being 18-24 years old. The role of state authorities in the formation of civic and national identity among youth of the North Caucasus was revealed as a result of the content analysis of regional programs and other information materials in 2018. Analysis. It was found that the spectrum of the main ethnopolitical issues of concern to young people in the Caucasus region is largely identical for both the North and South Caucasus. It was revealed that civic, national, and religious identities are of priority and equal importance for the vast majority of youth. Civic and national identity for the absolute majority of Caucasian respondents is associated with the preservation of national culture and history, pride of their country and its achievements, protection of the Fatherland, and the guarantee of human rights and freedoms. Regional identity is a priority for the overwhelming majority of young people in the Caucasus. It can be assumed that risks of conflict between civil, national, and confessional identities persist among young people in the region. Youth in the Caucasus have a high level of political activity and consider their active participation in the political life of the region necessary. At the same time, they are more inclined towards a constructive solution to socio-political problems, volunteering, as well as dialogue and cooperation with state authorities. The main actors forming political views, according to the majority of respondents, are the environment in which they communicate, close relatives, as well as the blogosphere and social networks. The role of state administration in the formation of civil and national identity among young people in the North Caucasus is analyzed. The conclusion is that it is necessary to strengthen work in the region to develop public initiatives among youth, to involve them in socially significant activities, to activate their creative potential, and to develop their participation in various civil society institutions, especially volunteer organizations. Results. The conclusion is made about the need for a wide integration of young people of the region into the all-Russian socio-cultural space, the implementation of equal partnership between youth, civil society institutions and state authorities, greater involvement of young people in activities that contribute to the economic, socio-political and cultural development of the region. Key words: youth, ethnopolitical processes, Caucasus, political activity, civic identity, national identity.

Introduction. The interest in the "Armenian issue" is linked to the current international agenda and the impact of significant historical events on it, such as the genocide of 1915. Methods and materials. The interdisciplinary principle determines the use of traditional historical approaches (historical-genetic and historical-comparative) and international relations theories (defensive realism) simultaneously. The sources contain the published documents and publicism, as well as the archival documents of the Archives of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire and the State Archives of the Russian Federation. Analysis. Starting with the signing of the Berlin Treaty and the introduction of an article into it obliging Ottoman Porte to reform the management of the Armenian population, the inclusion of the "Armenian issue" in the foreign policy agenda of European states began. At the same time, the responsibility for the reforms carried out by the Ottomans was collective, and the leadership of Russia in this matter was considered impossible. Collectivity was the reason for the erosion of responsibility; the Sultan was not actually made to reform. With the beginning of the "Hamid pogroms" in 1894, the "Armenian issue" threatened the balanced position of the powers in relation to the Ottoman Empire and actualized the issue of the Ottoman Porte's responsibility for reforms in the Armenian vilayets. Obviously, Russia could be the most effective. France, Germany, and Italy initially did not plunge into this problem; in Asian Turkey, the main actors were still Great Britain and Russia. Results. Neither England nor Russia dared to act decisively, but they did not want to give in to each other either. For the British, control of the straits and the dominance of Russia in the Middle East were unacceptable. On the other hand, Russia was afraid to create a "second Bulgaria" near the Caucasian border. Therefore, the "Armenian issue", complicated by rivalry, went through a cycle on the international agenda, as a result of which Russia returned to dominance in its solution after 1908. The contribution of the authors to the writing of the article is related to the research by L.N. Velichko on European and Ottoman Porte's policy in resolving the "Armenian issue", K.R. Ambartsumyan has dealt with the evolution of Russia's position and explored the factors that influenced its change.

The article discusses the comparative hermeneutic analysis of the semantic-derivational worldview of the translators who render the classical poetic text in different historical periods. The relevance of the study is stipulated by the increased attention to the sociocultural determination of meaning generation within the framework of the cognitive-and-discursive paradigm that dominates in the modern community of linguists and translators. Cossack Cradle Song and its five translations into German carried out in different periods served as the practical material. The article aims to establish the features of multi-temporal Russian-German translations of the poem and the source text as a single semantic space that reflects the worldview of the author of the original text, variably explicated by different translators through the language of the target text. According to the research hypothesis, poetic translation reflects the translator's hermeneutic interaction with the original text, which generates the personal meaning of the translated text. The findings of the linguo-stylistic analysis of the Cossack Cradle Song at the semantic, meta-semiotic, and meta-metasemiotic levels, reveal that the compensation technique plays the leading role in the process of translating the poetic text studied in this article, contributing to the achievement of expressive and impressive equivalence of the original and the translation in the process of explication of invariant content-factual and content-conceptual meanings, as well as the subjective-personal determinism of translation decisions, which does not contradict the intentions implied by the author of the source text.

The study offers a developed algorithm, aimed to observe cognitive-communicative syntactic specifiers based on recursive comparison in the process of computer-aided translation of statements in agglutinating languages. The key method that enables fast and adequate search for translation equivalent in the languages with different structures is the multilevel recursive comparison of interim forms with dictionary equivalents, as well with contextual matches within the frameworks of prospective modelling in the course of an invariant thesaurus development according to dynamic complicated codes. The combination of cognitive-semantic and semantemic-morphological parallel comparison with spiral references will make it possible to create not only an equivalent version of the target text that meets the requirements of lexico-morphological correctness, but also to ensure the transfer of cognitive and consituational elements of the original utterance. The inclusion of cognitive-communicative syntactic samples in the recursive comparison algorithm during automatic processing of the utterance, as the final stage of generating the target utterance, is designed to solve the problem of polysemic, synonymous and homonymous barriers that arise at the stage of generating the target text. The described automated analysis algorithm is demonstrated on the utterances in languages with different structures (Turkish, Russian and English). The article also provides examples of the interaction of the invariant thesaurus of commonly used constructions with variant correspondences while connecting recursive comparison with elements of cognitive-communicative syntax.

The article considers the sociocultural foundations of the Russian, ethnic, confessional and regional identity of the North Caucasus student youth. The influence of the formation and positivity of these identities on the nature of interethnic relations, the social distance between main ethno-confessional groups and the risks of conflicting identities is analyzed. The results of sociological survey in 2022 showed a high degree of severity and positivity of the sociocultural foundations of the Russian, ethnic and regional identity. Significant variability was found in the importance of emotional and psychological connection with the main social groups (ethnos, confession, country, region) varied from one ethnic group to another. These unifying sociocultural meanings-symbols occupy an important place in the structure of the Russian identity of young people. Among youth, attitudes towards interethnic harmony, tolerance, interaction and integration prevail. The social distance between students who identify themselves with the main ethno-confessional groups is insignificant. Respondents' assessments confirm the trend towards depoliticization of ethnicity and a decrease in the conflict nature of the main macro-group identities. At the same time, the conflictogenic potential of the sociocultural foundations of young people's self-awareness is preserved.

The authors of the article address the problem of practical implementation of "soft power" in modern Russian foreign policy. The aim of the research was to understand the role of academic mobility in the development of a positive image of Russia in the world. In this regard, the authors emphasize the inexpediency of understanding science and education as a means of propaganda and ideological response to foreign opponents. Academic mobility is one of the effective channels that allows not only to share the results of research and educational activities, but also, through interpersonal communication in professional communities, to destroy the existing negative stereotypes about Russia. The article provides experience of DAAD as one of the best practices in organizing academic exchanges, and emphasizes the possibility of adapting this experience for Russia. Opposing the statement of J. Nay, German experience has shown the effectiveness of active participation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in supporting international cooperation in education and research. Taking into account the diversity of regions in the Russian Federation, the authors came to the conclusion that it is necessary to enhance cross-border cooperation with neighboring regions following the policy of "soft power". As an example, the authors present the experience of North Caucasus Federal University in cooperation with scientific and educational institutions of the South Caucasus. The border position of the North Caucasus region, common historical past of the peoples and common Caucasian identity make NCFU an effective tool for strengthening Russia's influence in the region, which traditionally becomes an arena of international rivalry. The article also presents the experience of implementing joint projects with European partners, analyzes current trends in the development of European Higher Education Area, and shows the role of academic mobility in the formation of a sustainable, cohesive and peaceful Europe. In this regard, the authors conclude that universities make a significant contribution to the formation of a positive image of Russia as a country with ethnic, cultural, historical, religious and geographical diversity.

The article analyzes the explanatory possibilities of the situated cognition approach to translation study on the basis of the theoretical apparatus developed in the Viennese translation school of Professor H. Risku. The relevance of the study is determined by the appeal to the analysis of the specialized translation process in the authentic context of the functioning of the main subject in the modern translation market, i.e. a translation bureau. Incorporating the research techniques from the early stages of cognitive science development (theory of information processing based on symbol manipulation and neural networks analysis within the framework of connectionism), the approach under consideration is based on the modern concept of extended situated embodied cognition, which, as applied to translation studies, provides new arguments in favor of transition from interpretation of the interaction "human – text" to the study of multimedia communication of a subjects group in the translation networks' composition, which have arisen as a result of outsourcing processes in the translation industry. The features of cooperative interaction between a team of translators and experts, as well as artifacts in the process of translation text generation using information technologies, are demonstrated. The practical application of the situated cognition approach to the analysis of the participants' activities in translation cooperative networks (customer company, technical editor, translation bureau, external translation bureau, translator) is especially relevant in the context of glocalization in the emerging Russian translation market.

Based on the analysis of the results of the scientific research "Ethnopolitical processes in the Caucasus in the assessments and perceptions of modern youth" (grant RFBR and ANO EISR No. 19-011-31300), the content and features of the formation of an all-Russian civic identity among young people in the North Caucasus are reviewed. The purpose of the study is to identify the risk of conflict in the process of forming the all-Russian identity of youth in the North Caucasus. The objectives of the study: determination of the ratio of the all-Russian civic, regional, ethnic and religious identity in the portfolio of identities of the youth in the North Caucasus, the main actors in the formation of the foundations of the all-Russian identity, the importance of patriotism and civic engagement for young people, as well as assessing the role of the state in the process of forming the all-Russian identity. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is made up of the main approaches and concepts of understanding the all-Russian civic identity. The empirical basis is sociological research consisting of assessments and views of young people in the North Caucasus. For the region, an extremely important task is the formation and development of an all-Russian civic identity, its integration with ethnic and regional identities in the minds of young people. Civic, regional, ethnic and religious identity in the minds of young people in the North Caucasus is in an unstable equilibrium state, which carries the risks of a conflict of identities. There is a demand among young people for active participation in the socio-political life of the region. The influence of the state, represented by the education system and state media, on the formation of the socio-political views of young people in the region is decreasing, and the role of the blogosphere and social networks is increasing. The state can become a leading actor in the formation of the all-Russian identity of the region, subject to the creation of a favorable social environment and the formation of functional feedback mechanisms between the authorities and the region's youth.

The article reviews the content and features of the transformation of traditional and modern values of the multiethnic youth of the North Caucasus. The purpose of the study is to identify the common and differences in the values of the youth of the Russian and North Caucasian peoples, identify the risks of conflict in the process of transforming the values of the youth of the North Caucasus. The conceptual and theoretical basis is the theory of the transformation of values under the influence of the modernization of society by R. Inglehart and C. Welzel. The empirical basis is the results of a sociological survey of assessments and perceptions of young people in the North Caucasus. Complex processes of value transformation are taking place in the multiethnic youth communities of the region. For the youth of the North Caucasus, the most significant are such traditional values as respect for working people, a strong state, patriotism and traditional family, less significant are religious and collectivist values. It is also important to observe national customs and traditions Among modern values, the most important for young people are democracy and human rights, freedom of expression, political freedom and personal autonomy, individualism and tolerance. Spread of traditional and modern values varies among young people from different ethnic and confessional groups. Traditional values are of great importance for Muslims and representatives of the North Caucasian peoples.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of objects discovered during the excavation of the "Kamennaya mogila" (Stone Grave) kurgan on Medovaya mountain (southern outskirts of Zheleznovodsk). Methods and materials. The comparative typological method was used as a worker. It is based on classification by material, processing method, shape, ornamentation, as well as on the study of types of gold jewelry, glass and black-glazed dishes, bronze horse plate foreheads and cheek pads, etc. Analysis. The typological and chronological analysis was carried out on gold jewelry (plaques, rings, pendants), antique ceramic and glassware, items of horse dress and weapons. Analogies to imported items from the crypt, found in the monuments of ancient culture and in the burials of the barbarian nobility, allow them to be dated to the 4th – 2nd centuries BC. Items of equestrian dress and weapons date back to the 3rd – 2nd centuries BC. Results. The author, regarding the social structure of the local population, ranked the monument as stratum No. 2 (nobility of the first level). A complex burial structure of the tomb with a significant number of ritual offerings is recorded. Burial items have numerous analogies in the status burials of the Bosporan, Meotian and Scythian nobility of the Northern Black Sea region and the North Caucasus of the 4 th – 2nd centuries BC. The sophisticated frame structure of the horse harness made of iron parts from the crypt of the Stone Grave is unique. Only a member of the nobility with a very high status could afford such a special bridle as a ritual offering.