This article has sought to identify the main possible reforms that could enable the Franc area, if not to become an optimal currency area, at least to move closer to one. On the political level, research has shown that policies for the allocation of production factors (fertile land, modern working tools, financial resources) are less favorable to the food sector than to the agricultural export sector. By prioritizing the objectives of the modern agricultural sector over the superior means in terms of quantity and quality devoted to it, this option has made the extroversion of the economies of the PAZFs inevitable. Their dependence on the outside world has been a brake on inter-African trade and, by ricochet, an obstacle to endogenous development. Compared to the secondary sector, the PAZFs have a poorly developed industrial fabric limited to a few industries processing agricultural products or extracting and/or processing mining raw materials. All in all, the PAZFs appear to be small-scale economies, fairly highly extroverted and whose specialization in the production and export of raw materials makes them particularly vulnerable to exogenous factors. To overcome this impasse, we have proposed in this article reforms aimed at making the economic integration of the PAZFs an instrument of endogenous development of these countries by taking into account the factors at the origin of these characteristics. Thus, in the first part of this article, we approached the issue of structural reforms by considering that they imply the need to meet certain preconditions related to education, health, infrastructure and the transformation of rentier economies into productive economies. As for the structural reforms themselves, they have been identified as factors of change and development of the agricultural and industrial sectors with a view to intensifying intra-CFA zone trade and promoting self-centred development of the PAZFs. ; Des études antérieures ont rapporté des résultats mitigés et ambigus de la relation entre les Il ...
This article has sought to identify the main possible reforms that could enable the Franc area, if not to become an optimal currency area, at least to move closer to one. On the political level, research has shown that policies for the allocation of production factors (fertile land, modern working tools, financial resources) are less favorable to the food sector than to the agricultural export sector. By prioritizing the objectives of the modern agricultural sector over the superior means in terms of quantity and quality devoted to it, this option has made the extroversion of the economies of the PAZFs inevitable. Their dependence on the outside world has been a brake on inter-African trade and, by ricochet, an obstacle to endogenous development. Compared to the secondary sector, the PAZFs have a poorly developed industrial fabric limited to a few industries processing agricultural products or extracting and/or processing mining raw materials. All in all, the PAZFs appear to be small-scale economies, fairly highly extroverted and whose specialization in the production and export of raw materials makes them particularly vulnerable to exogenous factors. To overcome this impasse, we have proposed in this article reforms aimed at making the economic integration of the PAZFs an instrument of endogenous development of these countries by taking into account the factors at the origin of these characteristics. Thus, in the first part of this article, we approached the issue of structural reforms by considering that they imply the need to meet certain preconditions related to education, health, infrastructure and the transformation of rentier economies into productive economies. As for the structural reforms themselves, they have been identified as factors of change and development of the agricultural and industrial sectors with a view to intensifying intra-CFA zone trade and promoting self-centred development of the PAZFs ; Des études antérieures ont rapporté des résultats mitigés et ambigus de la relation entre les Il a été question dans cet article de déterminer les principales réformes possibles pouvant permettre à la zone Franc sinon de devenir une zone monétaire optimale du moins de s'en rapprocher. Sur le plan politique, les travaux de recherches ont conduit a relevé que les politiques d'allocation des facteurs de production (terres fertiles, outils de travail modernes, ressources financières) sont moins favorables au secteur vivrier qu'au secteur agricole d'exportation. En privilégiant ainsi les objectifs du secteur agricole moderne au regard des moyens supérieurs en quantité et en qualité qui lui sont consacrés, cette option a rendu inévitable l'extraversion des économies des PAZF[1]. Leur dépendance vis-à-vis de l'extérieur a été un frein aux échanges interafricains et par ricochet, un obstacle au développement endogène. Par rapport au secteur secondaire, les PAZF ont un tissu industriel peu développé limité à quelques industries de transformation des produits agricoles ou d'extraction ou/et de transformation des matières premières minières. Au total, les PAZF apparaissent comme des économies de dimension réduite, assez fortement extraverties et dont la spécialisation dans la production et l'exportation des matières premières les rendent particulièrement vulnérables aux facteurs exogènes. Pour sortir de cette impasse, nous avons proposé dans cet article des réformes visant à faire de l'intégration économique des PAZF un instrument du développement endogène de ces pays en tenant compte des facteurs à l'origine de ces caractéristiques. C'est ainsi qu'en première partie de cet article, nous avons abordé la problématique des réformes structurelles en considérant qu'elles impliquent la nécessité de satisfaire à certaines conditions préalables liées à l'éducation, à la santé, aux infrastructures et à la transformation des économies de rente en économies productives. Quant aux réformes structurelles proprement dites, elles ont été déterminées comme des facteurs de mutation et de développement des secteurs agricole et industriel dans un souci d'intensifier les échanges intra zone CFA et de promouvoir un développement autocentré des PAZF. [1] Pays Africains de la Zone Franc ou Pays Africains membres de la Zone Franc
This paper provides an overview of the empirical study relating to the sustainable development of smart cities through inclusive growth. The literature relating to this study focuses on all the actions of the smart city, especially the integration of the "components" of urban transformation as a response to the challenges of the smart city. These components revolve around data storage and analysis, learning models capable of giving the result to predictive models, effective and efficient control of urban systems and interaction with different stakeholders, including users, as well as the integration of a city management model. The territorial intelligence (IT) process is also based on an inclusive growth policy, which ensures the inclusion of users in the major development strategies of the city, but which is also based on the great advantages of territorial intelligence, which is part of a process of construction, management, development and evaluation of projects, territorial well-being and intelligent governance established taking into account the I.T. process in the prefecture of Salé including information formalized and non-formalized. JEL Classification: G30, L19, L25 Paper type: Empirical study. ; Cet article donne un aperçu sur l'étude empirique relative au développement durable des villes intelligentes à travers une croissance inclusive. La littérature relative à cette étude est axée sur l'ensemble des actions de la ville intelligente, surtout l'intégration des « composants » de la transformation urbaine comme réponse aux enjeux de la ville intelligente. Ces composants tournent autour du stockage et analyse des données, des modèles d'apprentissages capables de donner résultat à des modèles prédictifs, contrôle efficace et efficient des systèmes urbains et l'interaction avec les différentes parties prenantes, y inclus les utilisateurs, ainsi que l'intégration d'un modèle de gestion de la ville. Le processus d'intelligence territoriale (IT) se base aussi sur une politique de croissance inclusive, qui ...
