Suchergebnisse

Resumen.Los autores analizan el conjunto de reformas neoliberales instrumentado en la Argentina durante la década de 1990, poniendo el énfasis en las políticas laborales, sus consecuencias sobre la dinámica del mercado de trabajo y el bienestar de los hogares. Para dar una mirada integral al período trazan una versión sucinta de las estrategias llevadas a cabo tanto en la etapa anterior de sustitución de importaciones como con posterioridad al estallido de la crisis política, económica y social de 2001–2002, que constituyó el punto de inflexión para la emergencia de un nuevo conjunto de políticas económicas y sociales caracterizado por un fuerte intento de articulación y de inclusión social a través del empleo.

Résumé.Les auteurs analysent l'ensemble des réformes néolibérales adoptées en Argentine pendant les années quatre‐vingt‐dix, en s'intéressant tout particulièrement aux politiques sociales et à leurs conséquences sur la dynamique du marché du travail et le bien‐être des ménages. Pour avoir une vue complète de cette période, ils font un bref historique des stratégies menées à bien tant à l'époque de la substitution aux importations qu'après la crise politique, économique et sociale de 2001–02. Crise qui a débouché sur de nouvelles politiques caractérisées par une ferme volonté de les articuler entre elles et un souci d'inclusion sociale par l'emploi.

Abstract.This article examines the neo‐liberal reforms introduced in Argentina in the 1990s, focusing on labour policies and their consequences for labour market dynamics and the welfare of households. To put this period in historical context, the authors first provide a brief summary of the strategies applied both during the preceding import‐substitution phase and in the aftermath of the political, economic and social crisis of 2001–02. The latter, in effect, served as the tipping point for the emergence of a new set of social and economic policies aimed at promoting social cohesion and inclusion through employment.

This paper analyses the magnitude and type of employment mobility found in Argentina from the mid-1990s onward using data from the Observatorio de Empleo y Dinámica Empresarial (Employment and Business Dynamics Observatory) of the Ministry of Labour and Social Security of Argentina. The Observatory was developed using social security records of registered private-sector wage employment in the manufacturing, commerce and services sectors. Such employment, however, played a minor role (25%) in the employment structure of Argentina during the period studied. The main finding of this study was a significant level of labour mobility. This article shows that, during the period in question, which was characterized by macroeconomic instability and high dollar labour costs, the dominant labour mobility trend among registered workers was toward exclusion from the formal labour market (through unemployment, inactivity or employment in jobs not registered with the social security system). (CEPAL Rev/GIGA)