Suchergebnisse

Aim: Millions of people are displaced globally, as refugees, asylum seekers or migrants. Although, at a first glance, crisis and conflicts are considered the main trigger for these movements, the migration challenge may have different roots: demographic trends, poverty, the globalization of communication, etc. The present article is an introduction to the main concepts and terminology regarding migration and it links the migration with actual labor problems within the EU.Design: The article shows how migration terminology is reflected in the EU migration policy and how migration policy affects labor policy and vice versa. The article is to be considered a state of the art or methanalysis and explains the concepts: in-migration, out-migration, refugees, asylum-seekers. In addition, it draws attention to controversies regarding the use of concepts: illegal migration, irregular migration and return migration.Conclusions: The article presents eight main economic theories of migration. Five of them have as subject of analysis the determinants of migration and the other three have the subject of analysis the perpetuation of migration. Some of the main theories analyzed here are the neoclassical theory of migration, the human capital theory of migration, the new economics theory of migration, world system theory, network theory, migration systems theory.Originality: The article demonstrates the fact that neither of these economic theories/models explain adequately the actual determinants of migration and it proposes a new model focused more on the transdisciplinary effects of human movements.

The use of technology is widespread in all areas of life, particularly among young people and particularly in learning environments. In this sense, college students have incorporated these technologies in different media and used them for many years. The use of ICT among students taking the same subjects is very different because of the sociological diversity thereof and, in particular, their different cultures and countries. This is the case of Erasmus students, who must take the same subjects and with the same instruments than the national ones. Although both groups must show the same academic performance, their conditions are very diverse, including difficulties related to language. This article analyzes the relationship between learning styles (active, reflexive, theoretical and pragmatic) and the use of ICT in training university students, comparing between Erasmus and domestic ones. The REATIC survey was conducted among 37 third-year students from the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of A Coruña (Spain), distinguished four different modules: knowledge of ICT, use of ICT, assessment of ICT and ICT as learning style. Results showed differences in all modules and especially in the last module that analyzes the use of ICT for learning.

This paper deals with the mobile technology as a new competitor in some hitherto quite closed markets. Particularly, digital photo camera market was until now widely focused into a few multinational firms, operating in international oligopolistic markets. The mobile smartphones technology leads to use the same device for quite different issues. The smartphones technology allows to use the same device for quite different issues. Although the purpose of most consumers when buying this kind of articles, is to use it for its main use, that is to say, for voice communication, step by step new applications and uses are being discovered as very useful. Even when mobile phone devices are not so good as the original devices for a particular use, they have a very important advantage: all in one, it means that if consumers are able to have several different uses with the same device, they probably choose this option than the "best quality" one provided for a lot of different devices, with much better results, because those better results are inevitably linked to the need of bearing several devices, which is not very comfortable. Moreover the "just in time" or "in situ" needs, can be covered for some devices which are not always in the hands of users. Then a new branch of competition linked more to immediacy than to the quality arises, particularly for youngest. This paper provides a theoretical based survey on market and competition theory, to understand some key points for explaining the smartphones success as a competitor in digital camera market. Results have shown that mobile cameras not only have started to compete with digital cameras unexpectedly, breaking established barriers in traditional oligopolies, but also they are one step ahead.

Digital divide is one of the major problems of Information Society and is linked with social exclusion. This work is focus on Spain situation and its relative position in the European Union, and study the major key points of it through the household reasons for have no Internet Access, taking into account socio-economics variables, as a key point that can be help to understand the relative situation of Spain in the European Union related with ICT and to elaborate suitable public policies to reduce digital divide. Results have shown that the most important reason that Spanish households do not have access to Internet is that people feel they do not need it, because they not consider Internet useful or interesting. It is proposed the design of public policies that take into account the important lack of motivation and good attitude towards Internet in the most of Spanish households without Internet.

[Abstract] Introduction: By 2020, according to the recent Spanish legislation (Law 22/2001), the amount of non-hazardous construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) must be at least 70% by weight of the produced. However, the current behavior of the stakeholders involved in the waste management process make this goal difficult of achieving. This article examines a number of fiscal instruments to promote the prevention and control of pollution by encouraging the use this type of waste. The heterogeneity of these measures at local level requires the development of a statewide law that governs the actions designed to promote joint coordination and serve to achieve the goal of state protection. The target areas for the tax route will focus mainly on producer responsibility and the promotion of green technologies. From a causal analysis of the problem, we have designed a management model to analyze the impact of incentive policies for the Administration to use C&D waste. This model encourages a broader understanding of the technical and socioeconomic implications of sustainable construction.

According to the recent Spanish legislation, the amount of non-hazardous construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) by weight must be reduced by at least 70% by 2020. However, the current behavior of the stakeholders involved in the waste management process make this goal difficult to achieve. In order to boost changes in their strategies, we firstly describe an Environmental Management System (EMS) based on regulation measures and economic incentives which incorporate universities as a key new actor in order to create a 3Rs model (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) in the C&D waste management with costs savings. The target areas are focused mainly on producer responsibility, promotion of low-waste building technologies and creation of green jobs to fulfill three main objectives: valorization of inert wastes, elimination of illegal landfills and stimulation of demand for recycled C&D wastes. To achieve this latter goal, we have also designed a simulation model—using the Systems Dynamic methodology—to assess the potential impact of two policies (incentives and tax penalties) in order to evaluate how the government can influence the behavior of the firms in the recycling system of C&D waste aggregates. This paper finds a broader understanding of the socioeconomic implications of waste management over time and the positive effects of these policies in the recycled aggregates market in order to achieve the goal of 30% C&D waste aggregates in 12 years or less.

Para lograr una plena inclusión y desarrollo de las personas con discapacidad es imprescindible que participen en un entorno laboral normalizado, lo que, además de contribuir a mejorar su calidad de vida, produce un incremento de la cohesión social y del bienestar colectivo. A pesar de que el marco legislativo es cada vez más favorable a la discriminación positiva, existen múltiples factores que tienen lugar en el ámbito laboral y que condicionan el alcance y la efectividad de las políticas públicas a través de las medidas adoptadas. Un condicionante que se ha mostrado como elemento clave son las actitudes del entorno inmediato, en concreto de los compañeros y compañeras de trabajo, que son un aspecto fundamental para conseguir los objetivos propuestos. En esta investigación se analiza la intención que muestra el personal administrativo de participar en programas de apoyo a personas con discapacidad. Los datos analizados se obtienen a partir de una encuesta al personal de administración y servicios (PAS) de la Universidad de A Coruña. Los resultados demuestran que los valores sociales, las actitudes y la autopercepción de la propia capacidad para apoyar a las personas con discapacidad explican en gran medida dicha intención, lo que condiciona la efectividad de las políticas aplicadas.

The development of new technologies of information and communication (ICT) is creating a new group at risk of social exclusion: digital illiterates. This factor can be accumulated with other causes of exclusion, greatly complicating the full social inclusion. This is the case of a significant part of the prison population group in which the authors focused their study. The authors' work presents a quantitative study on the prison population in Galicia (Spain). The authors have analyzed their knowledge and attitudes toward learning to use new technologies, concluding that it would be necessary to implement courses to help familiarize this group with the use of computers, since most do not have much knowledge in this area, to prevent isolation of the "communication society".

[Abstract]: The use of Information and Communication Technologies in higher education has proved to be very effective in different educational environments. A less explored area is their application for evaluation on-line, since it is a different process, with specific components. This work describes a methodology that combines the assessment with multiple choice tests through the virtual environment Moodle and the evaluation by using traditional classroom exams. The proposed mixed methodology ELFF (E-Learning and Face to Face) was implemented during the academic year 2010-11 in the subject Microeconomics: Markets and Competition in the European Union of the double degree in Law and in Business Administration and Management, to assess complementary aspects of the knowledge acquired. The obtained results show that it clearly promotes the participation of students, increases their motivation and improves their competence and so, their performance in terms of qualifications.

Along with experience teaching microeconomics, the authors have found that the accuracy of the concepts used and graphic tools, as well as the broad mathematical analytical foundation used by this discipline, draw a stage where some students may feel lost, particularly when they face multiple choice questions. That's why it's not unusual to find some people that are not able to get good marks, even when they have a quite good level on microeconomics knowledge. This work deals with an on-line training, based on Moodle platform, to provide students some tools to achieve the best results on their qualifications. The authors used a base data with multiple choice questions on microeconomics to train on solving this kind of questions. The authors presented three different types of questions, based on graphics, on mathematics and on understanding and internalization of microeconomic concepts. Results have shown that this is a practical way to get success in examinations. At the same time, some interesting differences were found on behaviour paths for women, who seem need less time to review the lessons, and men.

El principal objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el beneficio percibido por el pago de impuestos en España y la satisfacción personal, en función de la predisposición a pagar impuestos, de la presión y fraude fiscales percibidos. Se propone un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y se utilizan datos de la encuesta sobre opinión pública y política fiscal del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS). Los resultados confirman que la satisfacción personal está relacionada con el beneficio percibido por el pago de impuestos y la moralidad fiscal, así como la importancia de la presión y el fraude fiscal como variables explicativas de dicho beneficio percibido. Las implicaciones de estas relaciones sobre la eficacia de las políticas fiscales pueden ser interesantes para los gestores de políticas públicas.

Sustainability is a complex concept. It only can be achieved from a global perspective, where social, economic and environmental issues are all key factors for achieving the goal. This paper is focused on the importance of social sustainability and, as a consequence, the importance of avoiding each and everyone's risk of poverty and exclusion as due to the recent crisis effects. Nevertheless, this crisis resulted in higher inequalities and put a lot of people at risk of poverty, even in "developed" countries. Through a statistical and econometric analysis, some of the key factors to which the European Union should aim to avoid unsustainable scenarios are analysed. A regression, factorial and cluster analysis is carried out and this leads to conclude that the labour market is key in promoting economic policies in order to achieve social sustainability ; Research results presented in this paper are an element of research project implemented by the National Science Center Poland (Polskie Narodowe Centrum Nauki) under the grant OPUS13 no UMO-2017/25/B/HS4/02172

The issue of gender violence has an important historic and social dimension. The social development of the last decades has allowed us to overcome the old male patriarchal order, but the woman continues to suffer a subordinate and submissive position towards the man in many situations of daily life, violence being a habitual expression of this relation of inferiority. Thus, public intervention becomes an essential support in the evaluation of this problem because it defines the political measures necessary to achieve a more egalitarian society that results in a higher level of well-being. The main objective of this work is to analyze the resources of the Spanish Public Administration in relation to gender violence as well as its effectiveness. The public measures analyzed show that, despite the great advances in the development of effective social policies, there is still a long way to go in the fight against gender violence.

Los valores democráticos presentes mayoritariamente en occidente han impulsado normas sociales favorables a la inclusión de colectivos en riesgo de exclusión social. Esta investigación se centra en la inclusión de colectivos con discapacidad en el ámbito de la universidad, para lo cual se realizó una encuesta a jóvenes estudiantes universitarios matriculados en la Universidad de A Coruña, en diferentes estudios y niveles, pertenecientes a las ramas de Economía y Empresa. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y un análisis factorial basado en la Teoría de la Acción Razonada. Los resultados alcanzados muestran que los valores sociales prevalentes se presentan como la variable más importante y con mayor influencia sobre la intención de ayudar a las personas con discapacidad, mientras que las actitudes personales, así como el control percibido, aunque predisponen de manera favorable a prestar ayuda la persona con discapacidad, no han mostrado una influencia significativa. Asimismo, las respuestas sobre la intención de ayudar a la inclusión de las personas con discapacidad indican que los estudiantes prefieren que esta labor recaiga sobre las instituciones. ; The present democratic values in most Western societies have fostered social norms promoting inclusion of groups at risk of social exclusion. This research has focused on the inclusion of the disabled collectives at conventional university environment. For that purpose an inquiry was carried out to young university students registered in the University of A Coruña, in several grades and levels of Economics and Business Administration studies. Thereinafter, we performed a descriptive research and a factorial analysis based on the Theory of Reasoned Action. Results obtained indicate that dominant social values are a determining factor for inclusion, however individual attitudes, although favorable for helping and giving support to people with disabilities, are not as significant as it was expected. Furthermore, results concerning the intention to help for people with disabilities inclusion indicate that students would rather prefer public institutions to take care of this issue.