Suchergebnisse

AbstractBridging critical heritage studies with insurgent planning theory, this article proposes the notion of 'insurgent heritage' to discuss heritage preservation's role in constructing urban citizenship in Latin America. Critical heritage scholars have pointed to the European dominant heritage discourse deployed worldwide that excludes subordinated voices in the production of heritage. The research has also illuminated alternative understandings of preservation that sit outside of or opposed to the state and the cultural elites' concept of what should or should not be preserved. My use of insurgent heritage adds another layer of nuance to this body of work. It promotes a pluriversal perspective by building on Southern urbanisms, Latin American social collective action, and feminist scholarship. Inspired by ethnographic work with heritage grassroots organizations in Chile, this line of argument shows that communities' local knowledge pushes against the practice of heritage preservation and planning by only sanctioned experts. Instead, by transgressing false dichotomies of informal and formal arenas of politics, insurgent heritage proposes multiple perspectives to envision alternative futures. It reframes grassroots heritage as a sociocultural process mediated by the interplay of memory‐work and the specifics of place as an ethical form of place‐based care that highlights the cultural dimension of citizenship.

This paper sheds light on the importance of whaling paths and stations in the migration of Portuguese laborers to North America. Even though there are many factors influencing these migratory trails—the attraction that a country like the U.S. had on most prospective migrants in the 1800s, the American economic and political influ- ence which made it a convergence point globally, and its geographical position—this study demonstrates that the Portuguese sailors and whalers, who were active in the Pacific and Atlantic North in the nineteenth century in search of turning a profit and better living conditions, can be seen as pioneers of sorts, having played a role in blazing the paths and trails for the Portuguese who followed. It is not a historical coincidence that the places where the Portuguese established themselves were precisely the places frequented years before by Portuguese whalers and fishing sailors. This line of analysis puts mobility first as an important theoretical and analytical tool to reveal the causes and consequences of migration. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In this essay, I will analyze how "animalismo" became a crucial concept, intersecting the debates about race and gender which inspired the ideas of Spanish American intellectuals during the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. I will start by explaining how this concept became associated with scientific debates related to Darwinian evolutionism, and how the derived ideas fueled a new gendered racial normativity that gave rise to a crisis by the 1900s. In the second part, I will analyze how race, gender and sexuality became intrinsically related to animalism, and the problems that the association between humans and animals posed for political ideas about the nation. ; En este ensayo analizaré cómo "animalismo" se convirtió en un concepto crucial en el proceso de transformación de las ideas de raza y género durante el cuarto final del siglo XIX. El ensayo comienza explicando cómo los intelectuales de Hispanoamérica asociaron "animalismo" con los debates científicos relacionados con el evolucionismo darwinista, y cómo las ideas que se generaron a partir de este intercambio de ideas originaron normativas raciales y de género que culminaron creando una crisis socio-cultural para el comienzo del siglo XX. En la segunda parte, se analiza cómo las contradicciones que surgieron a raíz de la adopción de la idea de animalismo cambiaron las ideas de raza, género y sexualidad, lo cual afectó el entendimiento de la identidad de la nación a partir del comienzo del siglo XX.

Resumen: En 1960 bajo el lema "Argentina en el mundo y en el espacio" el país se preparaba para celebrar los 150 años de la Revolución de Mayo durante la presidencia de Arturo Frondizi. El Gobierno, junto a las élites modernizadoras, decidió realizar una gran exposición en la ciudad de Buenos Aires (siguiendo el modelo de las grandes Exposiciones Universales de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX) con el fin de la "celebración de vida moderna" en la refundación del país. En un pabellón especialmente diseñado para la exposición, bajo los auspicios de la empresa de petróleo Shell, se presentó el poema audiovisual "El camino" encargado a Leda Valladares. Fue el evento sonoro más relevante de la celebración y se trató, probablemente, del primer espectáculo multimedia destinado al público general que se hizo en el continente. Valladares diseñó una expresión sonora para la nación pujante y tecnológicamente avanzada que se pretendía proyectar en ese momento. Resulta interesante que, a pesar de haber convocado a esta artista e investigadora del folklor argentino, la expresión sonora elegida para representar un acontecimiento simbólico como la refundación de la patria -en el contexto de modernización- está alejada de cualquier representación musical tradicional. Por el contrario, el material está compuesto de sonidos mediados tecnológicamente, producto de un viraje de los conceptos tradicionales de lo que se entendía como música. El sonido, emancipado de estructuras musicales, fue uno de los elementos que ayudaron a procesar los cambios y transformaciones vertiginosas de la modernización: arte, ciencia, industria y tecnología se convocaron en diversos proyectos con el propósito de fundar una nueva matriz cultural. ; Abstract: In 1960 under the motto "Argentina in the world and in space" the country was preparing to celebrate 150 years of the May Revolution during the presidency of Arturo Frondizi. The Government, together with the modernizing elites, decided to hold a large exhibition in the city of Buenos Aires (following the model of the great Universal Exhibitions of the second half of the 19th century) with the aim of the "celebration of modern life" in the refounding the country. In a pavilion specially designed for the exhibition, under the auspices of the Shell oil company, the audiovisual poem "El camino" commissioned from Leda Valladares was presented. It was the most relevant sound event of the celebration and it was probably the first multimedia show for the general public that was made on the continent.Valladares designed a sound expression for the thriving and technologically advanced nation that was intended to be projected at that time. It is interesting that, despite having summoned this artist and researcher of Argentine folklore, the sound expression chosen to represent a symbolic event such as the re-founding of the homeland -in the context of modernization- is far from any traditional musical representation. On the contrary, the material is composed of technologically mediated sounds, the product of a shift from the traditional concepts of what was understood as music. Sound, emancipated from musical structures, was one of the elements that helped process the dizzying changes and transformations of modernization: art, science, industry and technology were convened in various projects with the purpose of founding a new cultural matrix.

The article proposes to recognize the importance that the named commissioning bioethics has been to the consolidation of bioethics as a field of knowledge, research and social intervention. It emphasizes the historical conditions that led to the establishment of the healthcare ethics committees and research ethics committees, which subsequently lead to the creation of committees, councils or national and international commissions. The commissioning bioethics has contributed the development of legislation, public policies, building a culture of deliberative and informed public discussion, is part of the bioethics as a social reform movement. ; El artículo propone reconocer la importancia que tiene para la consolidación de la bioética como un campo de conocimiento e intervención, la trayectoria que por diversas vías ha tenido la llamada bioética comisionada. Se enfatizan las condiciones históricas que condujeron a la creación de comités de ética hospitalaria y de la investigación, lo que posteriormente conducirá a la creación de comités, concejos o comisiones nacionales e internacionales. Se resaltan los aportes que esa bioética comisionada tiene para el desarrollo legislativo, el trazado de políticas, la construcción de una cultura deliberante e informada públicamente, la bioética comisionada como un movimiento de reforma social. ; O artigo propõe-se à reconhecer a importância que tem para a consolidação da bioética como um campo de conhecimento e intervenção, o caminho que a chamada bioética comissionada teve por várias rotas. O artigo enfatiza nas condições históricas que levaram à criação de comités de ética hospitalaria e da pesquisa, que mais tarde levaram à criação de comitês, conselhos ou comissões nacionais e internacionais. Também destaca as contribuições que esta bioética comissionada tem para o desenvolvimento legislativo, mapeamento de políticas, a construção de uma cultura deliberante e informada no meio público, a bioética comissionada como um movimento de reforma social.

El paisaje ha sido, antes que todo, el referente central para estudiar la larga duración en laapropiación de los territorios por las poblaciones y útil para revelar vestigios históricos que, comolos caminos del agua en la ciudad, nos pueden permitir recuperar un hilo histórico, civilizado y civilizador de los sucesivos asentamientos en el lugar.

This article examines identity production and reproduction of a group of Portuguese members of the European Parliament (MEPs) through a set of ethnographic vignettes. Literature on European mobility has been underpinned by an assumption that the more we move, the more European we become. But who are these movers exactly? And how do they become European? These questions guide this article, which presents a case study of three Portuguese MEPs who maintain strong relations with their country of origin whilst having to create new attachments to Brussels and Strasbourg. The MEPs have to insert themselves into a culture of speed and smoothness. They have to redesign themselves as figures of speed. The article argues that this process makes them European. They identify with Europe because they maintain a strong relation with their country of origin, which means moving more, which in turn means being a modern European citizen.

This is a synaptic paper that invites the reader to take a stroll on the edges of cross-disciplinary knowledge. We will walk the roads of anthropology, history, philosophy, astronomy and biology. It is mainly a theoretical article, where I attempt to provide links between authors and theories that were, at first sight, unrelated. In doing so, this paper is aimed at making one controversial claim: ideologically and politically speaking, cosmopolitanism may never fully transcend itself beyond a debate until and unless humankind encounters alien life forms. The argument is based on a simple equation. Despite all the quarrels and debates around the concept, it seems innocuous to assume that cosmopolitanism is the search for a certain universal identity or, at least, a search for a common culturalia, i.e. the cultural grounds wherein local and global senses of universalism come into being (section 2). In spite of the fact that identities are built in opposition and supported by difference (section 3), cosmopolitanism might only be possible as a political project (cosmopolitics) when humankind is faced with life forms that are capable of providing true Otherness. I believe that this may explain why we have been fascinated by the utopias of extra-terrestrials for many centuries now (section 4). These utopias are present in a diverse array of knowledges, ranging from science to art, literature or even religion. They have been around for at least 500 years. Until now, all of them have been trapped in the realm of imagination, but there is one concrete cluster of knowledge that has attempted to transpose these imaginings into reality: the promising discipline of astrobiology. Astrobiology is mainly troubled by the de-naturalisation of Earth in order to create analogues for the study of life elsewhere in the cosmos. Provocatively, I end up this paper stating that this may well be the most cosmopolitical practice available to us (section 5).

This is a synaptic paper that invites the reader to take a stroll on the edges of cross-disciplinary knowledge. We will walk the roads of anthropology, history, philosophy, astronomy and biology. It is mainly a theoretical article, where I attempt to provide links between authors and theories that were, at first sight, unrelated. In doing so, this paper is aimed at making one controversial claim: ideologically and politically speaking, cosmopolitanism may never fully transcend itself beyond a debate until and unless humankind encounters alien life forms. The argument is based on a simple equation. Despite all the quarrels and debates around the concept, it seems innocuous to assume that cosmopolitanism is the search for a certain universal identity or, at least, a search for a common culturalia, i.e. the cultural grounds wherein local and global senses of universalism come into being (section 2). In spite of the fact that identities are built in opposition and supported by difference (section 3), cosmopolitanism might only be possible as a political project (cosmopolitics) when humankind is faced with life forms that are capable of providing true Otherness. I believe that this may explain why we have been fascinated by the utopias of extra-terrestrials for many centuries now (section 4). These utopias are present in a diverse array of knowledges, ranging from science to art, literature or even religion. They have been around for at least 500 years. Until now, all of them have been trapped in the realm of imagination, but there is one concrete cluster of knowledge that has attempted to transpose these imaginings into reality: the promising discipline of astrobiology. Astrobiology is mainly troubled by the de-naturalisation of Earth in order to create analogues for the study of life elsewhere in the cosmos. Provocatively, I end up this paper stating that this may well be the most cosmopolitical practice available to us (section 5).