Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to Slavization of business writing in the Peter the Great period. The focus is on legislative acts of the first decades of the 18 th century. Their language testifies that bookish-Slavic elements penetrated into it rather early. It is proved that the process under study took place in stages and began with documents that serviced international relations. In that kind of writings, literary means were actively used as early as in the first years of the century. The decrees related to the activities of the Patriarchal and Monastic prikazes reveal the use of bookish-Slavic lexical and syntactic means approximately in the same period. The research establishes the causal relationship between the early fixation of Slavonisms with the linguistic experience accumulated in those fields of activity during the previous period. In the language of legislative acts aimed at solving domestic problems, literary means were used more intensively at the end of the first – at the first half of the second decade of the 18 th century. The article emphasises that it was a certain stage of developing new linguistic and stylistic means in the normative legal and administrative documents. Also, it is highlighted that their composition was arranged either according to the standard word usage of prikazes or to the word usage in international documents. It was primarily due to the subject content of the documents and the communicative and pragmatic attitudes of their drafters.

The article focuses on the study of the language of the Maritime Charter of 1720 that was one of the key legislative acts, which enabled the development and consolidation of the new methods of combining heterogeneous linguistic means. The applied methods aimed at implementation of certain communicative tasks. The correlation between the variety of language means and techniques with argumentativeness, imperativeness and impact of the text has been proved. The research touches upon the issues of special vocabulary and the ways of including it in the language of the Charter. The proposed methods of interpreting new terms range from synonymous substitutions to encyclopedic definitions. The tendency to functional differentiation of the means of expressing imperativeness and the modality of duty in particular has been revealed. Western European legal documentation tradition is noted to have influenced the formation of the wide range of modal means. However, the Russian legislators tried to take into account the pragmatic needs of official business communication and the semantic and stylistic potential of competing lexical modifiers of modality. The research has resulted in the discovery of the peculiarity, which acquired the linguistic explication in the text of the Charter. Namely, it is the conceptually important attitude of legislators not only to the external side of performing the duties and enforcing the order, but also its internal motivation based on the moral foundation.

Introduction. The relevance of studying the activities of the fuel and energy complex, which plays an important role in the modern economy, is supported by the fact that in this sector there is an active interaction between the authorities and private business. In Russia, this issue has not been fully resolved, and therefore the experience of a state such as Great Britain will be important in carrying out transformations. Methods and materials. The key ones in the study of the topic are regulations, statistics and office documentation in English, as well as the works of foreign authors. By nature, the study is historical and implies the use of specialized and general scientific methods of cognition. Analysis. The subject of the study is the British coal industry, which in the interwar period was faced with a structural crisis, related to shifts in the global economy and the impact of domestic market factors. As a response, controversy arose in the ruling circles and the scientific community of the United Kingdom regarding the increased influence of the authorities on economic processes and related measures of support to the population. The nationalization of coal mining, planned even before World War II, was carried out only in 1946–1947 and led to the formalization of a state monopoly that gave stability to the domestic coal market. The multi-level management structure of the association made it possible to quickly respond to emerging problems, and the involvement of members of the public and experts helped to build a system for exchanging information and interaction between the company's management, industry enterprises and coal consumers. In fact, the authorities took control of the modernization of coal mining and its adaptation to the needs of industry, transport and households, emphasizing not only quantitative but also qualitative indicators of the coal sector. Results. Thus, state regulation of economic processes and transfer of coal industry facilities in favor of the Crown, they did not act as goals in themselves, but were a stabilizing measure during the transitional period for the country.

This article is devoted to the problem of interdisciplinary study of linguacultural transfer based on the material of the Old English poem Judgment Day (I), included in the Exeter manuscript dating back to the 10 th century, considered in the aspect of eschatological expectations in the early Christian Anglo-Saxon tradition. The comprehensive understanding of the end of the world, as shown in the work, is reflected already in the early written tradition. The reference to natural disasters, which lead to the apocalypse, is inherently characteristic of Christian texts. Linguacultural transfer is understood in this article as the transfer of information in time, which is considered in two ways: the momentary transfer of information is communication, while handing the information down the generations is a transfer. The article deals with the issues of information transfer in time and space. As an example of rethinking the values of one culture in the tradition of another, the author cites the memetic theory of religion. The article also shows that the theory of linguacultural transfer can be considered and described from the standpoint of cultural matrices, as well as memes (and memetic complexes). The author emphasizes that the vitality of religious beliefs is precisely due to the linguacultural transfer of information within one generation or through the generations.

The purpose of the article is to describe some genre and stylistic features of the 18th-century regional report, or donosheniye. The research is also focused on the semantic history of the term donosheniye reflected in the legislative acts of the 18 th century that regulated the language style of regional clerical work and determined the main trends in its systematization. It is pointed that the term donosheniye was used in the legislative documents of Peter the Great period as a synonym for doklad, raport (report) and chelobitnaya (humble petition). The research results show that the term donosheniye had lack of genre "purity" and was functionally polysemantic in regional business writing, which explains the original conceptual syncretism of the term. The author characterizes the petitioning type of donosheniye that emerged in the 18 th century simultaneously with establishment of the chelobitnaya. The analysis of the documents circulating in the Russian regions discovered that donosheniye, being integrated into the petitioning documents system, functioned as a petitioning statement in the cases which did not require judicial consideration. Conversely, chelobitnaya was a kind of lawsuit claim. It was proved that the petitioning type of donosheniye slightly changed the form, which was characteristic of this type of petitions; its genre features move closer to the reporting type of donosheniye.