Suchergebnisse

El género al igual que las drogas representan una construcción social mediada por diferentes factores socioculturales, históricos, jurídicos, políticos, y normativos. Entender esto, nos ayuda a ahondar en la relación entre la utilización de drogas y el género. No solo para analizarlo desde el enfoque medicalizado sino también, desde una forma dialéctica en donde se logren desmitificar creencias instituidas en la sociedad. Históricamente los roles de género han delimitado y determinado los accesos e inicios al consumo y la utilización de algunas sustancias, sin embargo, esto ha ido cambiando paulatinamente. Por otro lado, el Covid19 ha dejado al descubierto lo frágil de los sistemas de salud, para abordar problemáticas agravadas en los utilizadores de sustancias no reguladas que vendrían a empeorar las situaciones y carencias de los consumidores con adicciones y relaciones problemáticas en todo el mundo.

Gender, like drugs, represent a social construction mediated by different sociocultural, historical, legal, political, and normative factors. Understanding this helps us delve into the relationship between drug use and gender. Not only to analyze it from the medicalized approach but also, from a dialectical way where it is possible to demystify beliefs instituted in society. Historically, gender roles have delimited and determined the accesses and beginnings to the consumption and use of some substances, however, this has been gradually changing. On the other hand, Covid19 has exposed the fragility of health systems, to address aggravated problems in users of unregulated substances that would worsen the situations and deficiencies of consumers with addictions and problematic relationships throughout the world. ; El género al igual que las drogas representan una construcción social mediada por diferentes factores socioculturales, históricos, jurídicos, políticos, y normativos. Entender esto, nos ayuda a ahondar en la relación entre la utilización de drogas y el género. No solo para analizarlo desde el enfoque medicalizado sino también, desde una forma dialéctica en donde se logren desmitificar creencias instituidas en la sociedad. Históricamente los roles de género han delimitado y determinado los accesos e inicios al consumo y la utilización de algunas sustancias, sin embargo, esto ha ido cambiando paulatinamente. Por otro lado, el Covid19 ha dejado al descubierto lo frágil de los sistemas de salud, para abordar problemáticas agravadas en los utilizadores de sustancias no reguladas que vendrían a empeorar las situaciones y carencias de los consumidores con adicciones y relaciones problemáticas en todo el mundo.

Gender, like drugs, represent a social construction mediated by different sociocultural, historical, legal, political, and normative factors. Understanding this helps us delve into the relationship between drug use and gender. Not only to analyze it from the medicalized approach but also, from a dialectical way where it is possible to demystify beliefs instituted in society. Historically, gender roles have delimited and determined the accesses and beginnings to the consumption and use of some substances, however, this has been gradually changing. On the other hand, Covid19 has exposed the fragility of health systems, to address aggravated problems in users of unregulated substances that would worsen the situations and deficiencies of consumers with addictions and problematic relationships throughout the world. ; El género al igual que las drogas representan una construcción social mediada por diferentes factores socioculturales, históricos, jurídicos, políticos, y normativos. Entender esto, nos ayuda a ahondar en la relación entre la utilización de drogas y el género. No solo para analizarlo desde el enfoque medicalizado sino también, desde una forma dialéctica en donde se logren desmitificar creencias instituidas en la sociedad. Históricamente los roles de género han delimitado y determinado los accesos e inicios al consumo y la utilización de algunas sustancias, sin embargo, esto ha ido cambiando paulatinamente. Por otro lado, el Covid19 ha dejado al descubierto lo frágil de los sistemas de salud, para abordar problemáticas agravadas en los utilizadores de sustancias no reguladas que vendrían a empeorar las situaciones y carencias de los consumidores con adicciones y relaciones problemáticas en todo el mundo.

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Confidence is analysed from an approach of political sociology, seeking to identify in the roles of the community, its functionality as an institution that articulates processes of participation and consolidation in participatory and legitimate democracies. Reflect the situation of trust as such, not understood as an isolated and subjective issue but dependent and subject to collective social, economic, cultural and political events. From the high levels of discrediting and delegitimization that have been given to political institutions, political parties and the State, a climate of democratic instability has been created at a global level, Latin America continues to have the highest rates of crisis of confidence, mobilizing other crises, in terms of crisis of legitimacy. The incursion into the political terrain in recent years of religious groups of a Pentecostal nature continues to be a matter for debate, since when confidence in political institutions is undermined, the confidence of the electorate is turning towards a confidence stimulated in a providentialism Pentecost, in a dangerous way for the fragile secularism of Latin American democratic states. ; El primer capítulo trata sobre el origen de la conceptualización de la palabra confianza, así como también sobre el rol que tienen las acciones colectivas en la consolidación de la democracia participativa, en sociedades con elevados grados de desconfianza. En el segundo capítulo se habla sobre la construcción de la confianza a nivel general, dando importancia al tema de la crisis de legitimidad en los procesos sociales, puesto que la confianza esta siento mermada por la globalización, la indiferencia, y otros aspectos de legitimidad. En el tercer capitulo se menciona como se encuentran los países a nivel global en cuanto a índices de confianza electoral frente a sus instituciones políticas y como estos países podrían verse fuertemente afectados por el ascenso de otros actores políticos como los grupos religiosos.

"Through the lens of political economy, this book positions housing as a key factor in understanding social inequality. It does so drawing on rich empirical evidence from the case of the Chilean housing market. This book provides insights on the articulation between real estate development, housing provision and social inequality based on applied urban economics analyses that illustrate the contradictions of neoliberal urbanism through the case of Chile. For neoliberal urbanism, the good city is not equal for all, it is based on the principle of profitability and benefits from segregation to make capital investment more efficient. The chapters of this book expose how these processes are generated by a political system that allows them rather than by the invisible hand of the market. The book will be of interest to graduate students in urban studies, urban planning, sociology and urban geography. It will also appeal to decision-makers and also to actors in the real estate market seeking to perfect the social benefits of their professional activities, aspiring to generate more egalitarian and just cities"--

This article identifies the spatial correlation between the social determinants of health in the housing area (housing prices, overcrowding, poor-quality building materials, and household socioeconomic vulnerability) and the spread of COVID-19 in Santiago de Chile. The research used data from the 2017 Census conducted by the National Institute of Statistics of Chile and data on confirmed cases of COVID-19 (PCR) by communes provided by/obtained from Chile's Ministry of Health. The article provides a two-fold examination/analysis of the spatial correlation using the Pearson measure to observe how the virus spread from areas with high-quality housing in the early stage of the contagion to then become concentrated in areas with low-quality of housing. The second examination/analysis is a multiple linear regression to identify the housing factors that inform virus propagation. The test results show that of the four social determinants of health relating to housing assessed here, housing prices is the variable that best predicts how the social determinants of health based on housing explain the progress of the pandemic for the Santiago case, following the collinearity factors according to the data used in this study. The conclusions suggest that public policy should treat housing quality as a factor in public health and health risks that needs to be addressed with a transdisciplinary approach to urban planning in Chile.

"Through the lens of political economy, this book positions housing as a key factor in understanding social inequality. It does so drawing on rich empirical evidence from the case of the Chilean housing market. This book provides insights on the articulation between real estate development, housing provision and social inequality based on applied urban economics analyses that illustrate the contradictions of neoliberal urbanism through the case of Chile. For neoliberal urbanism, the good city is not equal for all, it is based on the principle of profitability and benefits from segregation to make capital investment more efficient. The chapters of this book expose how these processes are generated by a political system that allows them rather than by the invisible hand of the market. The book will be of interest to graduate students in urban studies, urban planning, sociology and urban geography. It will also appeal to decision-makers and also to actors in the real estate market seeking to perfect the social benefits of their professional activities, aspiring to generate more egalitarian and just cities"--

Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Constitution and housing -- 3 Cost of living -- 4 House prices in Chile -- a Hypothesis 1: due to soil scarcity -- b Hypothesis 2: the problem is not housing, it is wages -- c Hypothesis 3: due to regulations -- d Hypothesis 4: the real estate market is imperfect -- 5 Real estate profitability -- 6 Housing and financialisation -- 7 Land and speculation -- 8 Pandemic and political economy of housing -- 9 Afterword: housing as political economy -- References -- Index.

IntroductionTraditional screening system focus on classic risk factors "lost" a substantial proportion of HIV‐infected patients. Several organizations such as CDC or USPS Task Force favour universal screening for HIV infection for good cost‐effectiveness profile. In a previous study prevalence of HIV infection in patients attending our infectious diseases department was high (5.4%).ObjectiveTo determine prevalence of HIV infection in patients aged 20–55 years in primary care (PC).Material and MethodsA propsective observational study was undertaken between February and June 2013. We performed a screening of HIV infection type "Opt‐out" (offering voluntary rejection) in 4 PC centers (32 Physicians) in San Juan‐Alicante. Sample size (n=318) for a prevalence of 1% and a confidence level of 97% was calculated. Nevertheless, other PC physician not recruiting patients performed HIV testing according clinical risk factors.ResultsHIV testing was offered to 508 patients. Mean age 38.9±10 years (58.5% female). Overall, 430 (83.8%) agreed to participate. Finally, 368 patients (71.7% of total) were tested for HIV. No patient had a positive result (100% ELISA HIV negative). However, following clinical practice, 3 patients were diagnosed of HIV in the same period by non‐recruiting physicians. In 2 cases, serology was performed at the patient's request and in one case by constitutional syndrome. The 3 patients were MSM.Conclusions1) In our study, we detected no new cases of HIV infection through universal screening. 2) Our screened population could be lower‐risk because of high percentage of women included (58.5%). 3) Performing HIV opt‐in screening (clinical practice), we detected 3 cases in the same period, all having HIV risk factors (MSM). 4) These results suggest that opt‐out screening should be developed in high‐risk populations. It is still to be determined what is the best screening strategy in low‐risk populations such as ours.