Resumo Em busca de tratamento para doenças resultantes de acometimento por espíritos, os Karajá, povo indígena centro-brasileiro, recorrem hoje, além de seus próprios xamãs, a xamãs de outras etnias e curandeiros regionais, bem como a sua fé em Deus. E todos esses curadores, a despeito de seus diferentes conhecimentos e técnicas, são considerados igualmente xamãs. Os médicos não indígenas, em contraste, não podem curar esses adoecimentos, e a esses especialistas só se recorre para tratar as 'doenças de branco'. A diferença marcada entre doenças e especialistas, no último caso, contrasta com o regime de comunicação absoluta no primeiro. É a essa diferença que o artigo se dedica. Dialogando com a antropologia da saúde, por um lado, e com a questão da religião, por outro, proponho que o que permite que curadores de origens diversas tratem pessoas enfeitiçadas, diferentemente dos médicos, é o fato de que o xamanismo atualiza o regime de diferença infinita, ou de transparência absoluta, dos tempos primordiais.
Os Karajá, Javaé e Ixỹbiòwa são três grupos indígenas que habitam a calha do rio Araguaia. Todos falam variantes de uma mesma língua (família Karajá, tronco Macro-Jê) e utilizam o mesmo termo de autodesignação: inỹ. As inúmeras similaridades entre eles tornam evidente que fazem parte de um mesmo conjunto. Por muito tempo, com efeito, os Javaé e Ixỹbiòwa foram tratados como "subgrupos" karajá, ao lado dos "karajá propriamente ditos". A predominância desse modelo hierárquico, entretanto, acabou por eclipsar muitas das diferenças entre os três grupos. Esse texto trata das narrativas karajá sobre a origem e a diferenciação da humanidade inỹ, procurando extrair daí um modelo alternativo para pensar a relação entre os três grupos que fuja tanto de um esquema hierárquico (três "subgrupos karajá"), quanto de uma segmentação dura entre "três grupos distintos"; pois há, entre Karajá, Javaé e Ixỹbiòwa, não apenas diferenciações, como também identificações. O que a mitologia aqui tratada evidencia é que, desde o surgimento mesmo da humanidade, não há mais que uma polaridade elementar, aquela entre Eu e Outro, a emergir no seio de uma unidade aparente e replicando-se a cada novo nível de contraste, ou em cada nova "unidade".
O conceito de 'cultura' vem aparecendo, de maneira cada vez mais proeminente, no cenário político indígena – e isso justamente em um momento em que tal conceito vem sofrendo tantas críticas que muitos antropólogos e antropólogas deixaram mesmo de usá-lo. O presente artigo visa tratar de uma dimensão pouco explorada desse debate: o uso indígena do conceito de 'cultura' em um contexto entre-si. Mais precisamente, o objetivo é perseguir o próprio conceito indígena de cultura, tratando de sua relação, por um lado, com o conceito antropológico e, por outro, com a vida indígena.
A partir de uma denúncia do jornal "A Verdade", de Florianópolis, em de novembro de 1956, sobre o Abrigo de Menores do Estado de Santa Catarina, encontrada no arquivo dos Irmãos Maristas, administradores do Abrigo na época, desenvolvemos uma narrativa que apresenta o transcurso do processo de pesquisa envolvendo o tema da denúncia, e como diferentes versões a respeito do episódio foram sendo constituídas em processo de disputa, às vezes silencioso, sobre qual teria maior legitimidade enquanto expressão de uma memória que falasse pelos Abrigados a respeito do ocorrido. Nessa disputa analisamos os Jornais da cidade, os Maristas, e como se desenvolveu um diálogo cruzado permitindo-se perceber como a imprensa e os sujeitos sociais "interagem" no processo social dinâmico. E, através de entrevistas com ex-Abrigados contemporâneos ao evento, e que participaram do mesmo, pois "fugiram" do Abrigo e foram até a redação do Jornal cobrar retratação, identificamos que, na trama histórica, a as crianças, se fazem sujeitos ativos dos processos sociais.
Democracia e ditadura no Brasil e na América LatinaAs histórias das sociedades latino-americanas depois de suas independências divisam sucessivos períodos de regimes políticos democráticos com momentos de regimes ditatoriais. A instabilidade da ordem institucional, em determinados períodos, mostra-se crônica no pós-independência –período de formação das nações na região –, no período da guerra fria. Em diferentes situações regimes nominalmente democráticos afirmavam-se como governos de força. Entretanto, em certas ocasiões, a democracia apresentou momentos de esperança e de firme expectativa quanto à sua viabilidade.
Abstract The paper presents the Separation of Powers as a principle. It means that it is one of several possible political choices. We take this conception and then we aim to explain how it develops with relevance in a Rule of Law and its procedures. It was analytically perceived that such conception is idealized because it fails to address practical problems. The main problematic confronted is in relation to the activity of the Judiciary, exemplified through Brazilian conflicts between the different powers, in this paper we approach, for this purpose, the vaquejada case. In order to try to overcome such problems, the presented hypothesis is that a dialogic theory can provide some answers by promoting dialogue through equilibrium and partnership between the powers and citizens.
The paper presents the Separation of Powers as a principle. It means that it is one of several possible political choices. We take this conception and then we aim to explain how it develops with relevance in a Rule of Law and its procedures. It was analytically perceived that such conception is idealized because it fails to address practical problems. The main problematic confronted is in relation to the activity of the Judiciary, exemplified through Brazilian conflicts between the different powers, in this paper we approach, for this purpose, the vaquejada case. In order to try to overcome such problems, the presented hypothesis is that a dialogic theory can provide some answers by promoting dialogue through equilibrium and partnership between the powers and citizens. ; The paper presents the Separation of Powers as a principle. It means that it is one of several possible political choices. We take this conception and then we aim to explain how it develops with relevance in a Rule of Law and its procedures. It was analytically perceived that such conception is idealized because it fails to address practical problems. The main problematic confronted is in relation to the activity of the Judiciary, exemplified through Brazilian conflicts between the different powers, in this paper we approach, for this purpose, the vaquejada case. In order to try to overcome such problems, the presented hypothesis is that a dialogic theory can provide some answers by promoting dialogue through equilibrium and partnership between the powers and citizens.
The paper presents the Separation of Powers as a principle. It means that it is one of several possible political choices. We take this conception and then we aim to explain how it develops with relevance in a Rule of Law and its procedures. It was analytically perceived that such conception is idealized because it fails to address practical problems. The main problematic confronted is in relation to the activity of the Judiciary, exemplified through Brazilian conflicts between the different powers, in this paper we approach, for this purpose, the vaquejada case. In order to try to overcome such problems, the presented hypothesis is that a dialogic theory can provide some answers by promoting dialogue through equilibrium and partnership between the powers and citizens. ; The paper presents the Separation of Powers as a principle. It means that it is one of several possible political choices. We take this conception and then we aim to explain how it develops with relevance in a Rule of Law and its procedures. It was analytically perceived that such conception is idealized because it fails to address practical problems. The main problematic confronted is in relation to the activity of the Judiciary, exemplified through Brazilian conflicts between the different powers, in this paper we approach, for this purpose, the vaquejada case. In order to try to overcome such problems, the presented hypothesis is that a dialogic theory can provide some answers by promoting dialogue through equilibrium and partnership between the powers and citizens.
The paper presents the Separation of Powers as a principle. It means that it is one of several possible political choices. We take this conception and then we aim to explain how it develops with relevance in a Rule of Law and its procedures. It was analytically perceived that such conception is idealized because it fails to address practical problems. The main problematic confronted is in relation to the activity of the Judiciary, exemplified through Brazilian conflicts between the different powers, in this paper we approach, for this purpose, the vaquejada case. In order to try to overcome such problems, the presented hypothesis is that a dialogic theory can provide some answers by promoting dialogue through equilibrium and partnership between the powers and citizens.
Purpose There is a great interest in developing eco-friendly operations as alternative uses of resources in the university campus, making the employment of technologies more sustainable. Practices such as energy management and efficiency initiatives have been encouraged to meet these sustainability goals. The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss the main features of the GENIIOT project, a system of energy management using Internet of Things applied in a Brazilian university campus to support energy education practices and to promote lasting energy efficiency measures. The focus of the study is directed at the energy consumption of the air-conditioning system, which is responsible for 40% of the total electricity consumption. In addition, this project also scrutinizes processes such as the building occupants' comfort demands, lighting levels and energy waste control.
Design/methodology/approach A case study at the Unicamp campus was conducted to illustrate the design procedures through qualitative description. This study comprises an overview of the physical plant, hardware and software development, energy data monitoring, management process and energy education.
Findings The GENIIOT project enables energy efficiency actions by concerning the use of air-conditioning equipment based on monitored data, different types of monitored rooms, user's behaviors and their feedback. This initiative requires the engagement, awareness and actions from users combined with investment in energy efficiency to achieve an efficient use of this type of equipment. The proposed approach can be applied in the future to similar situations, inside the Unicamp campus and at other university campuses. In addition, this project can contribute to building efficiency analysis by using the hardware structure developed to monitor facilities and carry out evaluations, providing valuable information for strategic initiatives in energy efficiency projects and research and development programs based on practical experience and promoting a discussion about sustainability aspects in the context of the university campus for energy efficiency.
Originality/value The GENIIOT project is aligned with some of the sustainable development goals, among which sustainability and responsible consumption are identified. Considering the sustainability issues, the economic dimension can be evaluated through a cost–benefit analysis of energy efficiency projects with prudent investment, while the social attractiveness of the project is ensured by education and awareness practices for the community that interacts with the system and learns about a more efficient way of using resources in the campus. Furthermore, there is a more conscious use of natural resources by minimizing waste from the use of electricity and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. GENIIOT is part of Sustainable Campus Project, a living laboratory which aims at developing energy-efficiency-related research activities in the university campus to reduce costs in higher and federal institutions of education in Brazil.
