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AbstractThis article highlights the convenient excuse of (il)legality used by (1) religious majoritarian mobs to justify attacks against places of worship and religious buildings of minorities; and (2) police and local authorities to absolve themselves of the failure to uphold public order and the rule of law, protect religious minorities, and to punish religious minorities. This article traces the emergence of legal violence in the form of anti-mosque vigilante extremism in Myanmar from 2012 onwards and analyzes cases of attacks against: (1) "illegal" mosques; (2) madrasas being used as or reconstructed into mosques; (3) buildings allegedly being constructed as mosques; (4) private homes and public spaces being used as mosques; and cases of (5) closed mosques not being allowed to reopen. The author primarily used Myanmar-language resources as well as interviews to conduct the research.

Facebook is the Internet in Myanmar. As of 31 January 2019, mobile phone subscription was at 105 per cent, meaning that many people have more than one SIM card. There were 21 million Internet users, amounting to 39 per cent of the population of approximately 54 million, all of them active Facebook users. In contrast, when the present political transition began in 2011, the country's telecommunications sector was under state control, the Internet was a luxury, and there were only 500,000 Internet users, about 80 percent of whom used Facebook. The number of Facebook users in Myanmar has grown about 53 times in eight years. On 7 February 2018, the President's Office established a Social Media Monitoring Team "to protect the interests of the state and the people" from foreign people and organisations that might harm Myanmar. In October of the same year, Myo Yan Naung Thein, secretary of the Central Research Management Team of the ruling National League for Democracy (NLD), alleged that online trolls systematically defamed the party. Without specifying their identities or naming them, he said, "Those groups are the first to make comments under the posts of the news agencies. Once a news story relating to the government comes online, [they] instantly respond. They seek to shape public opinion and commentary. The team is big and has about 3,000 professional members who received their training abroad."

Visual impairment and blindness is a global concern. Poor awareness and late detection are the significant factors contributing to the large number of visually impaired people worldwide. The ubiquitous use of smartphone devices will enable the public to access various eye care services provided. We are developing this application based on the need for early detection to avoid further vision loss. The simple algorithm and user-friendly features will promote any layperson to use it with minimal training. This pilot study revealed the application is highly potential to be a valid and reliable tool for vision screening in the community.