Counterterrorism: lessons from Israel
In: Strategic review: a quarterly publication of the United States Strategic Institute, Band 13, Heft 4, S. 32-44
ISSN: 0091-6846
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In: Strategic review: a quarterly publication of the United States Strategic Institute, Band 13, Heft 4, S. 32-44
ISSN: 0091-6846
World Affairs Online
In: Comparative strategy, Band 5, Heft 2, S. 105-133
ISSN: 0149-5933
World Affairs Online
World Affairs Online
In: The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Band 541, Heft 1, S. 36-46
ISSN: 1552-3349
Small wars are often mixed civil-international wars characterized by extremes of mutual hatred. Still, the international law of war sets the standards for all armed conflicts. War-decision law regulates recourse to armed force. War-conduct law governs belligerent practice. There are two justifications for recourse to armed force: enforcement action ordered by the U.N. Security Council and individual and collective self-defense. Despite the principle of nonintervention, interventions have been frequent in small wars. The difficulty with applying war-decision law to small wars arises from the fact that such wars are often not conventional wars, making determination of aggression difficult. Application of war-conduct law confronts difficulties with determining belligerent status, dealing with guerrilla and terror tactics, preserving the ban on chemical and biological weapons, and protecting prisoners of war and occupied populations in small wars. The best sanction for the laws of war is self-enforcement by responsible belligerents.
In: The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Band 541, S. 36-46
ISSN: 0002-7162
SMALL WARS ARE OFTEN MIXED CIVIL-INTERNATIONAL WARS CHARACTERIZED BY EXTREMES OF MUTUAL HATRED. STILL, THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF WAR SETS THE STANDARDS FOR ALL ARMED CONFLICTS. WAR-DECISION LAW REGULATES RECOURSE TO ARMED FORCE; WAR-CONDUCT LAW GOVERNS BELLIGERENT PRACTICE. THERE ARE TWO JUSTIFICATIONS FOR RECOURSE TO ARMED FORCE: (1) ENFORCEMENT ACTION ORDERED BY THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL AND (2) INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE SELF-DEFENSE. DESPITE THE PRINCIPLE OF NONINTERVENTION, INTERVENTIONS HAVE BEEN FREQUENT IN SMALL WARS. THE DIFFICULTY WITH APPLYING WAR-DECISION LAW TO SMALL WARS ARISES FROM THE FACT THAT SUCH WARS ARE OFTEN NOT CONVENTIONAL WARS, MAKING DETERMINATION OF AGGRESSION DIFFICULT. APPLICATION OF WAR-CONDUCT LAW CONFRONTS DIFFICULTIES WITH DETERMINING BELLIGERENT STATUS, DEALING WITH GUERRILLA AND TERROR TACTICS, PRESERVING THE BAN ON CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS, AND PROTECTING PRISONERS OF WAR AND OCCUPIED POPULATIONS IN SMALL WARS. THE BEST SANCTION FOR THE LAWS OF WAR IS SELF-ENFORCEMENT BY RESPONSIBLE BELLIGERENTS.
In: International journal of Middle East studies: IJMES, Band 24, Heft 1, S. 171-172
ISSN: 1471-6380
In: Comparative strategy, Band 5, Heft 2, S. 105-133
ISSN: 1521-0448
In: Strategic review: a quarterly publication of the United States Strategic Institute, Band 13, S. 32-44
ISSN: 0091-6846
In: Comparative strategy, Band 5, Heft 2, S. 105-133
ISSN: 0149-5933
Analysis of the American Catholic bishops' pastoral letter, May 1983, entitled, "The challenge of peace." Contents: The bishops and just war doctrine; The bishops on nuclear deterrence, defense, and arms control; The moral weight of the pastoral letter.
In: Political science quarterly: a nonpartisan journal devoted to the study and analysis of government, politics and international affairs ; PSQ, Band 97, Heft 4, S. 700-702
ISSN: 1538-165X
In: The Washington quarterly, Band 5, Heft 2, S. 219-222
ISSN: 1530-9177
In: Worldview, Band 24, Heft 11, S. 13-14
In: American political science review, Band 75, Heft 3, S. 829-830
ISSN: 1537-5943
In: Worldview, Band 24, Heft 1, S. 25-27