Suchergebnisse

In no other area of human activity is the relationship between production and money as perverse as in the art world. The peculiarity of this relationship may be responsible for the appreciative failure of much of contemporary art and in particular conceptual art. If value is attached to 'intrinsic' qualities of an object it would be hard to justify the high prices attached to contemporary artwork. This however raises interesting questions as to the extent to which it is possible to separate economic from other values in art. There have been numerous attempts to break the link between art and money - Roger Fry's Omega Workshop experiment, offered participants a guaranteed minimum income to free them from economic pressure. Commencing with Art and Commerce in 1926 Fry explored this relationship in a series of publication. In 1971, the Art Workers' Coalition produced a statement of demands which asked for a small measure of what Fry had offered artist fifty years earlier. In the 1960s and 70s, there was a proliferation of highly politicized work challenging the art/commerce relationship, focusing on the dematerialisation of the artwork as a decommodification strategy. In this paper I will explore these strategies, concentrating mainly on the work of three artist:- Lygia Clark, whose ephemeral artwork, made of easily available cheap material, questioned notions of value and the interaction between the object, the spectator and the artist: Hans Haacke whose 1971 exhibition highlighting the hidden relationship between the art world and commerce, was cancelled by the Guggenheim for fear of offending the museum's patrons: and the auto destructive work of Gustav Metzger. I will analyze the success or failure of the strategies employed by these artists in light of the art world's tendency to turn anything into a commodity.

The absence of government‐appointed legal counsel in immigration proceedings adversely affects large numbers of children in the United States. Children born in the United States to parents without citizenship status (U.S.‐born children of noncitizen parents or UCNP) are harmed by a parent's detention and removal. Unaccompanied alien children (UAC) who have entered the country without legal status are adversely affected by their own detention and removal. The possibility of obtaining relief from removal is drastically diminished by the lack of legal representation. Currently UAC and immigrant parents are not entitled to court‐appointed attorneys. Any meaningful change in immigration law, such as a federal statutory amendment to provide UAC and immigrant parents with government‐appointed counsel is unlikely due to the present political dissension in Congress regarding this issue. Because UAC and immigrant parents are not entitled to government‐funded legal representation, a pro bono legal service system has developed, but is unable to meet the present need adequately. For immigrant parents, this Note proposes the adoption of a statute to allow the appointment of court liaisons in family court proceedings. The court liaison is a nonattorney who is familiar with the processes of the family court and ensures that immigrant parents are fully informed regarding all pertinent family court proceedings. For UAC, this Note proposes an amendment to the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act to mandate the appointment of a child advocate to all UAC. The child advocate is not a lawyer, but works with the UAC's attorney to provide the child with legal representation and advocacy.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
UCNP confront the loss of parents to detention and removal. Children are condemned to limbo, torn between absent biological parents and placement in foster care.
The recent surge in the number of UAC who enter the United States by crossing the border from Mexico has been described as a humanitarian crisis. These children often remain alone without legal protection, vulnerable to detention and removal.
Ideally, UAC and the immigrant parents would be provided with government‐funded legal representation in immigration proceedings. In the absence of the federal statutory reform necessary to make that a reality, state statutory reform to allow for the provision of court liaison programs for immigrant parents and federal statutory reform to allow the appointment of child advocates for UAC can begin to offer children and families needed legal support and advocacy.

An overview is presented of the social psychological research on the effects of media messages. Focus centers on the ways in which people receive & utilize information about the surrounding social universe. Most of the research described here involved the unobtrusive presentation of either confirming (good) or disconfirming (bad) news to people. Specific hypotheses concern the ways in which good & bad news have an impact upon people's willingness to help strangers, their descriptions of human nature, & their perceptions of others & of themselves. As recipients of information about the intentional actions of others, people's views of the social universe & their probabilistic estimates about human nature are constantly being influenced. These informational influences seem to alter behavioral choices & psychological perspectives, & lend these findings their particular significance for journalists & for others interested in the effects of media messages. Specifically, findings reveal that: (1) Information on PO is applied to specific others about whom nothing else is known. (2) News stories that are explicitly prosocial or antisocial elicit very different patterns of response. Antisocial news stories appear to alter one's sense of the surrounding social community & also to mobilize a sense of threat in people, leading to heightened discriminations between similar & dissimilar others, less leniency in judging guilt or innocence, & the increased occurrence of competitive behavior. (3) Good & bad news not based on human intention do not affect the likelihood of cooperative or competitive behavior. Nonintentional bad events (or good ones) do not change social perceptions & so do not alter the psychological states being measured. (4) Self-perceptions show signs of being cognitively more rigid in structure & more defensive in stance following the presentation of antisocial news. 6 Tables. AA.