Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Table of Contents -- About the Editor -- Notes on Contributors -- Preface -- PART I: Anthropological Genetics in Context -- CHAPTER 1: History and Evolution of Anthropological Genetics -- INTRODUCTION -- ROOTS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL GENETICS -- EARLY ANTHROPOLOGICAL GENETICS -- FIELD INVESTIGATIONS -- MOLECULAR GENETIC REVOLUTION -- FUTURE OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL GENETICS -- CHAPTER 2: The Ethics of Genetic Ancestry Testing -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND ON ANCESTRY TESTS -- ANCESTRY ESTIMATIONS OF PRESENT‐DAY POPULATIONS -- RECREATIONAL AND FORENSIC USES OF DNA ANCESTRY -- CONCLUSION AND EMERGING CONCERNS -- CHAPTER 3: Community‐Oriented Research and the Future of Anthropological Genetics -- THE LEGACY OF MISTRUST OF SCIENTISTS BY INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY MEMBERS -- WHY ARE NATIVE AMERICAN COMMUNITIES INTERESTED IN ANTHROPOLOGICAL GENETICS RESEARCH? -- MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL PARTNERSHIPS WITH INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES -- DIVERSIFYING THE FIELD OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL GENETICS -- ANCIENT DNA ANALYSIS OF HUMAN REMAINS IN COLONIZED REGIONS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- PART II: Macroevolution and Phylogenetics -- CHAPTER 4: Calibrating the Clock -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- CHAPTER 5: Primate Genomics and Phylogenetics -- NEXT‐GENERATION SEQUENCING: THE PATHS TO STRANGE, UNEXPLORED WORLDS -- COMPARING PRIMATE GENOMES -- PRIMATE GENOMES AT THE POPULATION LEVEL -- BEYOND THE GENOME: TRANSCRIPTOME, METHYLOME, AND MICROBIOME -- A GENOMICS FRAMEWORK TO STUDY PRIMATE BEHAVIOR -- LOOKING DEEPER: LONGITUDINAL STUDIES -- RESOLVING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PRIMATES AND THEIR HABITAT USING GENOMICS -- TOWARD AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL INTEGRATION OF NEXT‐GENERATION SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGIES TO PRIMATE RESEARCH -- CHAPTER 6: The Neanderthal and Denisovan Genomes -- ARCHAIC HOMININ GENOMES -- HOMININ ADMIXTURE -- CONCLUSION.

▪ Abstract  Nucleic acids are preserved in prehistoric samples under a wide range of depositional environments. The development of new molecular methods, especially the polymerase chain reaction, has made possible the recovery and manipulation of these molecules, and the subsequent molecular genetic characterization of the ancient samples. The analysis of ancient (a)DNA is complicated by the degraded nature of ancient nucleic acids, as well as the presence of enzymatic inhibitors in aDNA extracts. We review aspects of ancient DNA preservation, a variety of methods for the extraction and amplification of informative DNA segments from ancient samples, and the difficulties encountered in documenting the authenticity of ancient DNA template. Studies using aDNA to address questions in human population history or human evolution are reviewed and discussed. Future prospects for the field and potential directions for future aDNA research efforts in physical anthropology are identified.