Suchergebnisse

Infrastructural development has been the major concern of countries all over the world due to its significant impact in fostering growth. In Nigeria, it has been observed that the level of infrastructure posed serious threat to attaining sustained growth. This study therefore examines the impact of capital expenditure on infrastructural development in Nigeria, utilising time series from 1970 to 2017. The study adopted autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model due to the possibility of the past value of the dependent variable explaining its present value, and found that capital expenditure, construction expenditure and non-oil revenue have the potency of accentuating infrastructural development in the long-run but such is being hampered by external debt. The positive effect of recurrent expenditure on infrastructural development is a pointer that bulk of the expenditure in Nigeria over the years is recurrent in nature. These suggest the need to boost non-oil revenue, reduce recurrent and channel external debt into productive infrastructural development.

Nutrition is known to be the key driver in well-being and fitness generally, and as a driving force behind the growth of capital and child food, it is a source and a product of greater health problems, family income and living conditions. The first 1,000 days of maternal and child care concentrate on healthy physical exercise and cognitive improvement, with long-term health and economic consequences for people and economies. The research reviewed Nutrition for Preschool Children in Africa and Asia and illustrated the economic effect of malnutrition in infants. The review indicated that nutrition for pre-school children in Africa and Asia remains insufficient to ensure enhanced economic and human growth and that each nation needs to consider how money is to be invested through the assistance resources that help the least per cent of the population to fix this gap for children and make it the most efficient investment in society. Citizenship and collective efforts, particularly the voice of youth, are important forces of transformation, which must be encouraged to meet SDGs. Democracy campaigns can play a crucial role in the struggle for justice for children and the family.

The study investigates external debt exposure to exchange rate risk in Nigeria. The Secondary data used were sourced from World Bank Development Indicators for all the variables from the period 1981 to 2019. By employing the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit root test and OLS estimation technique, the study found that external debt service payment (EXTDSP), total payment on external debt (TPEXTD), and trade openness (TROP) is significant. While External debt service payment (EXTDSP) and trade openness (TROP) is negatively impacting the exchange rate (EXCHR). TPEXTD has a positive significant impact on EXCHR at a 5% level of significance. The rest of the explanatory variables: external debt stock (EXTDS), gross domestic product growth rate (GDPGR), and real interest rate (RINTR) are all positive and insignificant at all levels of significance. The study, therefore, recommends that the government should go for concessional loans which has low-interest rate and are long-term in nature and as well encourage international trade with other countries of the world.

This study empirically tests if the Wagner's law stands for the Nigerian economy using data for the period 1981-2015. Form the results, economic, social and community services expenditure show highly significant values suggesting that these sectors are very much needed and still adds value to the economy. The results of the Granger causality analysis indicates that there is a bi-directional causality between economic growth and government spending, which posit to a high level of accuracy that Wagner's law holds for Nigeria. The result suggests that economic growth has an important role to play in determining government spending because as the economy grows, it expands and for this, government need to expand its spending to meet up with the demands of the expansion. There is therefore the need for curtail the rapid growth of its size above the optimum level that stimulates rise in expenditure. Any further expansion in expenditure should focus on economic, social and community services since they are growth enhancing.