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This article describes 2 exploratory studies on the psychology of justice inspired by Morton Deutsch. The 1st study, a prequel to my research on moral exclusion, describes observations in a tundra that led to a follow-up pilot study on the streets of New York City. The 2nd study on pluralism sought to examine the relationship between taking another's perspective & broadening the scope of justice, or moral inclusion. Findings from this study suggest the difficulties of perspective taking. Drawing on the work of Bakhtin, Klein, & several psychologists, I describe a multiphonic perspective attentive to the complexities of an appreciation of Morton Deutsch's influential teaching & scholarship that has inspired students, scholars, & activists. Although the article describes methods, data, & results, its focus is on theory. This is apt for a collection honoring Pioneer of Peace Psychology Morton Deutsch, for theory & its application to the human condition is at the center of his contributions to conflict, justice, & peace. Adapted from the source document.

Justice has the illusion of solidity and immutability, but standards for fairness change with context. This article presents a conceptual analysis that describes the justice arguments used in the affirmative action debate as the how, what, and who of affirmative action. The article illustrates these procedural, distributive, and exclusionary arguments with examples, compares support with opposition, and examines conditions that change perceptions of justice over time.

Some lives and some theories / Steven J. Holmes -- Environmental identity: a conceptual and an operational definition / Susan Clayton -- Human identity in relation to wild black bears: a natural-social ecology of subjective creatures / Gene Myers and Ann Russell -- Moralizing trees: anthropomorphism and identity in children's relationships to nature / Ulrich Gebhard, Patricia Nevers, and Elfriede Billmann-Mahecha -- The development of environmental moral identity / Peter H. Kahn, Jr. -- Children's environmental identity: indicators and behavioral impacts / Elisabeth Kals and Heidi Ittner -- The human self and the animal other: exploring borderland identities / Linda Kalof -- Trees and human identity / Robert Sommer -- Identity, involvement, and expertise in the inner city: some benefits of tree-planting projects / Maureen E. Austin and Rachel Kaplan -- Representations of the local environment as threatened by global climate change: toward a contextualized analysis of environmental identity in a coastal area / Volker Linneweber, Gerhard Hartmuth, and Immo Fritsche -- Identity and exclusion in rangland conflict / Susan Opotow and Amara Brook -- Group identity and stakeholder conflict in water resource management / Charles D. Samuelson, Tarla Rai Peterson, and Linda L. Putnam -- Constructing and maintaining ecological identities: the strategies of deep ecologists / Stephen Zavestoski -- Identity and sustained environmental practice / Willett Kempton and Dorothy C. Holland

Introduces the present issue of Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology. The articles in this issue of Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, the first with American Psychological Association as its publisher, contribute to our understanding of conflict across place, time, and culture. The journal has a new look and size, but its mission -- to publish excellent articles that make a substantive contribution to the theory, method, and practice of peace psychology -- remains the same. Together, the eight articles in this issue contribute to the field of peace psychology using a rich variety of methods and approaches. While the first part addresses the collective experience of conflict through research with individuals, the second part focuses on an individual to understand a context in which oppression and violence were met with resilience, resistance, and commitment to societal change. All eight articles are attentive to specific places and times, and they each offer important ideas for peace and conflict. The issue concludes with two book reviews, one by Eran Halperin discussing The Nature of Hate by Robert Sternberg and Karin Sternberg (2009), and another by V. K. Kool and Rita Agrawal discussing nonviolence struggles as discussed in Howard Clark's (2009) edited book, People Power: Unarmed Resistance and Global Solidarity. Adapted from the source document.