Suchergebnisse

Elke twee weken verdwijnt er ergens ter wereld een taal. Het belang van biodiversiteit is inmiddels gemeengoed; waarom zou de instandhouding van taaldiversiteit minder belangrijk zijn?0Aan de hand van de nagenoeg verdwenen taal Toendra Joekagier laat taalkundige Cecilia Odé zien wat het verlies betekent. Van de zevenhonderd Joekagieren zijn er nog zestig die de taal beheersen. "Als we ons niet haasten zullen de laatste Toendra Joekagier sprekers die hun moedertaal, traditionele vertelkunst en zang nog volledig beheersen, zijn gestorven, en met hen verdwijnt de taal en een uniek cultureel erfgoed." Zo verwoordde Toendra Joekagier Gavril Koerilov zijn bezorgdheid tegenover Cecilia toen zij in 2004 voor het eerst het dorp Andrjoesjkino in Noord-Oost Siberië bezocht.0Cecilia heeft zich de woorden van Gavril Koerilov zeer ter harte genomen. Tijdens maandenlang veldwerk in extreme kou in de winter en verzengende hitte in de zomer heeft zij van 2004 tot 2016 de uitstervende taal helpen vastleggen. 0In 'Bij de Joekagieren' vertelt zij over haar avonturen, ervaringen, vriendschappen en het beleven van de overweldigende natuur. In de vorm van reisbrieven en in een speelse stijl vol anekdotes beschrijft de auteur haar veldwerk en haar bijzondere verblijf bij de Toendra Joekagieren. Haar verhalen en schitterende foto's laten een bijna verdwenen nomadencultuur zien

National governments in Europe are increasingly resorting to civic integration policies in the search for solutions to modern integration problems. These policies are intended to improve the knowledge of national language and society among the immigrant population. Increasingly, however, and due to their mandatory nature, these policies have a direct impact on the legal, social and cultural position of immigrants. Passing a language test appears to be an essential prerequisite in order to enter a country, acquire a more secure residence status, and become eligible for naturalisation. The social dimension of integration seems to be more carefully dealt with, since the civic integration measures generally aim at increasing participation in society. The results so far, however, do not suggest highly optimistic conclusions. The cultural dimension is not left untouched either, since integration courses increasingly insist on social and cultural incorporation. As will be discussed in more detail for the Netherlands, the establishment of civic integration policies has abruptly ended the period of multiculturalism, and has had serious consequences for the position of immigrants in Dutch society.

In this study the experience in the Netherlands with civic integration policies will be explained in a detailed and systematic way. In addition, the Dutch model of civic integration will be set against alternative national integration strategies as prevailing in some other immigrant receiving countries, particularly Belgium, Canada and the United States

Abstract The labour market position of refugees and the role of effective policiesThis article addresses the problematic labour market position of refugees in the Netherlands on the basis of different relevant explaining factors. The overall picture is that
beneficiaries of international protection are facing a great number of difficulties in their attempts to get access to the Dutch ­labour market. These are both related to individual background characteristics and the extent to which the Dutch labour market create sufficient opportunities
for these refugees. In addition, Dutch policies are considered in view of their ability to support the participation of refugees in the Dutch labour market. It is argued that Dutch policies are increasingly responsive to solving different problems with which refugees have to deal. All the
same, these ­current policies are still not capable of providing fully effective patterns of integration for refugees in the Netherlands. To break this present deadlock, the authors propose a number of policy alternatives.

The Bird's Head Peninsula of Irian Jaya has long been an area neglected by New Guinea Studies. Only in the late seventies, interest began to focus more intensively on this scientifically important border area between Austronesian and Papuan languages and cultures. In the early nineties, this led to the creation in The Netherlands of the Irian Jaya Studies programme ISIR, which organizes and coordinates multi-disciplinary research on the Bird's Head Peninsula. Within this framework, study of the peninsula has reached a peak, with research being conducted in the area by scientists from different disciplines: anthropology, archaeology, (ethno)botany, demography, development administration, geology and linguistics. The diverse perspectives of these disciplines are subject to constant internal debate. Through ISIR and other research initiatives, there is a growing body of data on and insights into the various disciplines concerned with this fascinating area, with each discipline developing its own specific perspectives on the Bird's Head. These perspectives were presented during the First International Conference Perspectives on the Bird's Head of Irian Jaya, Indonesia, organized by ISIR in cooperation with the Indonesian Institute of Sciences LIPI (Jakarta) and the International Institute for Asian Studies ILAS (Leiden) and held at Leiden University, 13-17 October 1997. Researchers were informed on current perspectives in many disciplines to facilitate integration of findings into wider, interdisciplinary frameworks and to stimulate international debate within and between disciplines. As a result of the Conference, the forty-two contributions in these Proceedings present a wealth of recent developments from various disciplines in New Guinea Studies

Un van sillonne l'Ukraine et la Pologne pour mettre à l'abri des familles ukrainiennes. Au volant, Maciek Hamela s'est engagé comme volontaire au lendemain de l'invasion russe. En filmant à l'intérieur du van, il prolonge un geste de secours, qui donne au film son extraordinaire qualité d'écoute documentaire.

Hoe gaat het met de vluchtelingen die in 2015 en 2016 zo massaal in Nederland aankwamen? Nu het stof enigszins in neergedaald en we eraan gewend zijn dat steeds meer vluchtelingen statushouder worden, is het tijd om te kijken hoe het beleid dat bedacht is om hen te laten participeren in de praktijk uitwerkt. Deze bundel behandelt het schuivende Nederlandse beleid ten aanzien van de positie van deze nieuwkomers. In een dertiental bijdragen, vooral door onderzoekers opgesteld; wordt hierover een interessant spectrum aan ervaringen en onderzoeksverslagen gedeeld. Onderwerpen zijn bijvoorbeeld de contradictie van de participatiesamenleving in relatie tot de plichten van de statushouder of de knelpunten bij onderwijs aan vluchtelingen. Maar ook de eigen kracht wordt belicht

Government; Sociology - In Het minderhedenbeleid voorbij stellen de auteurs de vraag of specifiek minderhedenbeleid noodzakelijk is. Wat zijn de voordelen en nadelen van dit specifieke beleid ten opzichte van generiek beleid, en wat zijn de consequenties van afschaffing of van een andere invulling? Dit jaarboek is de opvolger van het Het minderhedenbeleid voorbij en geeft informatie over recente beleidsontwikkelingen op het terrein van minderheden, migratie en diversiteit. Het bestaat uit twee gedeelten. In het eerste theoretische deel wordt de 'zin en onzin' van specifiek minderhedenbeleid benaderd vanuit verschillende disciplines en in vergelijkend perspectief gezet. Deel twee laat zien hoe het minderhedenbeleid in de praktijk wordt gebracht. Aan de hand van de beleidsvelden arbeid, veiligheid, gezondheidszorg, onderwijs, jeugdzorg en lokaal overheidsbeleid laten de auteurs zien hoe generiek beleid - of de overgang naar generiek beleid - wordt vormgeven en hoe dit op lokaal niveau uitpakt.

The European Red List is a review of the conservation status of European species according to IUCN regional Red Listing guidelines. It identifies those species that are threatened with extinction at the regional level, so that appropriate conservation action can be taken to improve their status. This Red List publication summarises results for all hitherto described native European Orthoptera species (grasshoppers, crickets and bush-crickets). All Orthoptera species (grasshoppers, crickets and bushcrickets) native to or naturalised in Europe before AD 1500 (a total of 1,082 species), have been assessed in this Red List. The geographical scope is continent-wide, extending from Iceland in the west to the Urals in the east, and from Franz Josef Land in the north to the Canary Islands in the south. The Caucasus region is not included. Red List assessments were made at two regional levels: for geographical Europe, and for the 28 Member States of the European Union in 2016. The status of all species was assessed using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012a), which is the world's most widely accepted system for measuring extinction risk. All assessments followed the Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels (IUCN 2012b). The assessments were compiled based on the data and knowledge from a network of leading European experts on Orthoptera. The assessments were then completed and reviewed at six workshops held in Italy, Greece, France, Bulgaria, Spain and Germany as well as through email correspondence with relevant experts. More than 145 experts participated in the assessment and review process for European Orthoptera species. Assessments are available on the European Red List website and data portal: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/ conservation/species/redlist and http://www.iucnredlist. org/initiatives/europe. Overall, 25.7% and 28% of Orthoptera species are assessed as threatened at the European and EU 28 levels, respectively. However, the exact proportion of threatened species is uncertain, as there are 107 (10%) Data Deficient (DD) species in Europe and 84 DD species (8.5%) in the EU 28. Estimating that a similar relative proportion of the DD assessments are likely to be threatened (IUCN 2011), the best estimate of the threatened share of Orthoptera species is thus 28.5% in Europe and 30.6% in the EU 28. Further research on DD species to clarify their status is therefore critical. A further 13.9% (149 species) and 13% (128 species) are considered Near Threatened in Europe and in the EU 28, respectively. By comparison, the best estimate of threatened species of those other groups that have been assessed comprehensively in Europe is 58% of freshwater molluscs, 40% of freshwater fishes, 23% of amphibians, 20% of reptiles, 17% of mammals, 16% of dragonflies, 13% of birds, 9% of butterflies and bees, 8% of aquatic plants and marine fishes and 2% of medicinal plants (IUCN 2015). Additional European Red Lists assessing a selection of species showed that 22% of terrestrial molluscs, 16% of crop wild relatives and 15% of saproxylic beetles are also threatened (IUCN 2015). No other groups have yet been assessed at the European level. Looking at the population trends of European Orthoptera species, 30.2% (325 species) have declining populations, 7.6% (82 species) are believed to be more or less stable and 3.2% (34 species) are increasing. However, the population trends for the majority of species (59%, 634 species) remain unknown. Out of the 739 species that are endemic to Europe (i.e., they are found nowhere else in the world), 231 (31.3%) are threatened, highlighting the responsibility that European countries have to protect the global populations of these species. Overall, the European areas with the highest diversity of species are found in southern Europe, especially in the Mediterranean region and the Balkans. Hotspots of endemic species are found in the Iberian, the Italian and the Balkan Peninsulas, and in some large mountain areas (the Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians and Appenines). The greatest concentration of threatened species is found along some Mediterranean coasts and Mediterranean mountain blocks. Finally, the number of Data Deficient species reflects the general distribution of Orthoptera species, being highest in the Mediterranean and the Lower Volga region in southern European Russia. The main threat to European Orthoptera is the loss, degradation and fragmentation of their habitats as a consequence of agricultural land use intensification. This includes direct destruction by transformation of permanent grassland or shrubland habitats into cropland, degradation of habitat quality caused by overgrazing, abandonment, use of fertilisers or heavy machinery and direct mortality from frequent mowing or the use of pesticides. Other important threats to Orthoptera are the increasing frequency of wildfires, touristic development and urbanisation, climate change, afforestation and intensive forest management, drainage and river regulations, recreational activities, deforestation, limestone quarrying and sand excavations and invasive species.Orthoptera are a diverse group of insects with more than 1,000 species known to occur in Europe and play important roles in the ecosystem such as being part of the food chain and prey to many vertebrate species. They are also good indicators of land use intensity, which makes them one of the most important invertebrate groups for environmental monitoring and assessment. Conservation strategies for the European Orthoptera species with the highest extinction risk should be developed and implemented. The European Red List should be used to inform nature and biodiversity policies to improve the status of threatened species. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) should be enhanced by promoting traditional low-intensity agricultural land use systems, particularly pastoralism in Europe, and committing to a long-term reduction in the use of pesticides and fertilisers, encouraging the uptake of alternative pest management. Orthoptera species should be made a standard group for inclusion in Environmental Impact Assessments to avoid negative impacts of new development projects on threatened species.Degraded habitats of threatened Orthoptera species throughout Europe should be restored and guidelines for the optimal management of Orthoptera habitats should be developed. The protection of Orthoptera habitats throughout Europe should be improved, so that each threatened and endemic European species is present in at least one protected area with an adequate adaptive management scheme and monitoring for threatened Orthoptera species. Orthoptera inventories in protected areas should be made mandatory to identify priority species for the respective area and develop strategies for their protection. A pan-European monitoring programme for Orthoptera species should be developed, by merging all existing recording schemes. Specific research on those species that have not been recently recorded in Europe to clarify if they may be Extinct or Regionally Extinct, or have been assessed as Data Deficient should be conducted and funding mechanisms should be put in place to support this research. The effects of the lesser understood threats (e.g., wildfires, pesticides, climate change) on Orthoptera should be studied. The European Red List of Grasshoppers, Crickets and Bush-crickets should be revised at regular intervals of ten years, and whenever new data becomes available.