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The article analyses the level of propensity to use the Internet in 28 countries of the European Union in 2010 and 2019 and assesses its dynamics of changes in this period. For this purpose, information available in the databases of Eurostat and the World Bank regarding the ways in which the Internet was used by citizens and households. The study omitted issues related to the commercial use of the Internet potential by enterprises. For individual years, taxonomic synthetic measures were constructed based on a set of diagnostic features, using the TOPSIS method. These measures determine, respectively: the level of willingness to use the network by citizens and households of individual EU countries as well as the rate of changes in the analysed period. The research shows that the highest propensity to use the Internet was characteristic of citizens of Northern European countries and the lowest was in Southern Europe. The R environment and the Statistica package were used for the calculations.

In Poland, institutions that perform public tasks in the field of the labour market are state employment services, including District Labour Offices (PUPs). They try to restore the unemployed to the open labour market using active forms of their activation. The activities of PUPs in the field of customer activation are subject to annual evaluation. According to the "Act on Employment Promotion and on Labour Market Institutions", four indicators were selected for the evaluation of the functioning of labour offices in 2015–2017. Among them, the employment effectiveness index is very important, as its level allows us to assess to what extent active forms of activation of the unemployed implemented by PUPs contribute to the return of the unemployed to employment. This assessment is so important that in Poland as well as in other countries research has been conducted on both active forms of activation of the unemployed and employment policies. The aim of the research whose results are presented in the article was to identify factors influencing the employment effectiveness index achieved by District Labour Offices (PUPs) operating in Poland in 2016. Selected statistical methods were used, including correlation and regression analysis as well as multidimensional correspondence analysis. It turned out that the methods applied did not make it possible to unambiguously identify factors which had significantly affected the employment effectiveness index calculated on the basis of all forms of activation. It may turn out that clearer relations could be identified if this indicator was considered separately for particular forms of activation.

Artykuł przedstawia zagadnienie lokalnego rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. Ilustracją rozważań teoretycznych jest badanie empiryczne dotyczące oceny rozwoju powiatów województwa zachodniopomorskiego od czasu wstąpienia Polski do Unii Europejskiej. W przeprowadzonym badaniu do oceny poziomu i tempa rozwoju powiatów zastosowano taksonomiczny miernik rozwoju. Badanie empiryczne przebiegało w czterech głównych etapach: zebranie cech, redukcja początkowego zbioru cech (dla zapewnienia ich jak największej wartości diagnostycznej), wyznaczenie mierników syntetycznych za pomocą zmodyfikowanej procedury TOPSIS i skonstruowanie na ich podstawie rankingów powiatów, utworzenie grup typologicznych powiatów charakteryzujących się podobnym poziomem i tempem rozwoju. Przeprowadzone badanie wykazało występowanie dużego zróżnicowania rozwoju ekonomicznego badanych powiatów. Najwyższy poziom rozwoju dla obu okresów odnotowano dla powiatu kamieńskiego, zaś najniższy w 2004 dla wałeckiego i w 2017 dla gryfickiego. Najwyższym tempem zmian poziomu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego charakteryzował się powiat białogardzki, natomiast najniższym świdwiński ; The article presents the problem of local socio-economic development. An illustration of theoretical considerations is an empirical study on evaluation of the West Pomeranian Voivodship districts' development since Poland's accession to the European Union. In the research, a taxonomic measure of development was used to assess the level and rate of districts' development. The empirical study was carried out in four main stages: collection of initial characteristics, reduction of the initial set of diagnostic features (to ensure their highest diagnostic value), calculations of synthetic measures using the modified TOPSIS procedure and construction of rankings of districts on that basis, creation of typological groups of districts characterized by a similar level and the pace of development. The study showed the existence of large diversification of economic development of the surveyed districts. The highest level of socio-economic development in both: 2004 and 2017 was characteristic for the Kamieński district and the lowest level of development in 2004 was observed in the Wałecki district and in 2017 in the Gryficki district. The highest pace of changes in the level of socio-economic development between 2004 and 2017 was recorded for the Białogardzki district, while the lowest for the Świdwiński district.

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to assess the degree of similarity in the structure of the unemployed according to various categories (gender, age, education, the duration of unemployment) in the EU countries. Approach/Methodology/Design: As a research tool, the vector elimination method was used, which facilitates a division of a set of objects into subgroups with similar structures. Statistical data on the structure of the unemployed due to selected features in 28 European Union countries come from the Eurostat database and relate to 2018. Findings: The spatial distribution of groups of EU countries in 2018 confirms the authors' observations formulated at the beginning of the work that the structures of the unemployed by selected categories are similar in most countries, but it is also possible to distinguish countries in which these structures are significantly different. Practical Implications: The knowledge about the regularities of the structures of the unemployed in individual EU countries is necessary when developing strategies to combat unemployment, especially among people in a particular situation on the labor market. Originality/Value: There are no comprehensive analyzes in the literature to determine the similarity of the structure of the unemployed in EU countries, taking into account various demographic features that are typically taken into account in this type of research (e.g., gender, age, or level of education). The presented studies fill a gap in this area, they can also complement existing studies focusing mainly on the level of unemployment. ; peer-reviewed

Purpose: The purpose of considerations undertaken in this paper is to emphasize the importance of public trust in institutions and to draw attention to the important (but often marginalized) relationship between institutions and the implementation of the CSR concept. Approach/Methodology/Design: The following research methods will be used in the article: wide range review of literature sources, descriptive method and selected methods of descriptive statistics (taxonomic measure of development and measures of correlation). Findings: The presented analysis shows that the perception of benefits associated with integration with the EU is not conditioned by trust in it as an institution. Importantly, trust in the EU is not affected by respondents' perception of national and regional centers of power. Practical Implications: Changes in economies that took place recently caused the need for an interdisciplinary approach to economic research and a new definition of economics as a research field. They also make it necessary to recognize and identify social, economic, technical and cultural issues. The subject matter discussed in the paper refers to issues related to social initiatives such as the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the importance of institutions in the effective implementation of the CSR idea. The analyzed issues are considered in the cultural and institutional cognitive perspective. Originality/Value: The article raises an important social problem of public trust in institutions and the impact of institutions on the speed of dissemination of the concept of corporate social responsibility. ; peer-reviewed