Suchergebnisse

This paper focuses on the Japanese Filipino children as "born out of place" babies of migrant Filipino mothers and recent young migrant workers in Japan's labor market. I present the unique position of Japanese Filipino children and their Filipino mothers as an example of intergenerational exploitation of migrants in Japanese society. The existence of Japanese Filipino children mirrors intersectional discrimination in Japanese society; they were born as a consequence of the inequality based on gender and ethnicity between the Philippines and Japan, then they were ignored by the Japanese state as "illegitimate" children, and now they their Filipino mothers have begun to be exploited as "unskilled labor" in Japan.

This article analyzes the social activities of migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong and Singapore in the context of the feminization of migration. It classifies these activities into those that move towards (1) upholding the rights of migrant domestic workers, and (2) upgrading their social status to promote social mobility. These two activities and the changes they effect may be achieved individually and collectively, and clearly show the capability of migrant domestic workers to be counter-hegemonic subjects, both in the form of 'everyday resistance' and as agents of social change. This article also explores how these two activities intertwine through migrant women's volunteer work. The emergence of networks of migrant organizations and NGOs and new solidarity across different ethnicities are also discussed as a form of dynamism resulting from the feminization of migration.

AbstractOver the last 3 decades, the emergence of Japanese–Filipino children, born from the presence of female entertainers holding the "entertainer" residency status, has profoundly shaped the dynamic movement of individuals between Japan and the Philippines. These distinctive migration patterns have been regarded as noteworthy "social issues" within both Japanese and Philippine contexts. This study aims to illuminate the multifaceted roles assumed by support organizations in addressing this phenomenon. This article draws from collaborative research conducted with three prominent organizations primarily located in the Philippines, dedicated to providing assistance and empowerment to Japanese–Filipino children and their mothers. This paper delves into the diverse functions that support organizations undertake within the context of migration between these two countries. In summary, this paper discerns several key roles that support organizations have undertaken in the migration between Japan and the Philippines. First, these NGOs contribute to shaping the discourse surrounding the challenges associated with entertainers and Japanese–Filipino children, thus influencing perceptions of these issues. Second, these support organizations serve as transformative spaces for former entertainer women returning to their home countries, aiding them and their offspring in undergoing identity shifts and personal growth. Finally, while these organizations strive to combat human trafficking and exploitative migration, unintended consequences have led to the direct and/or indirect mediation of the younger generation's movement to Japan. In essence, this research underscores the intricate roles that support organizations play in mediating the intricate web of migration dynamics between Japan and the Philippines.