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Sharon Green's short film Self Portrait of a Nude Model Turned Cinematographer (1971) represents a collision of incipient cinefeminism and autobiographical filmmaking. Containing a blend of still photographs and subjective moving-image shots of her body, the work has largely been overlooked because of a reductive framing of it as mere homage to male avant-garde artists such as Stan Brakhage, for whom Green was a nude model. By analyzing aspects of visual form, production, and exhibition, this article performs a corrective "microhistory" that reclaims Green's film as an important hybrid of erotic self-portraiture and social critique. It also situates Green in relation to proximate artists Carolee Schneemann and Yvonne Rainer. Despite ongoing neglect of the work, Green's Self Portrait remains a potent visual archive that reveals the power hierarchies of the 1970s film community in Pittsburgh, while it questions the masculinist assumptions that underlie avant-garde media and historiography.

Przedmiotem artykułu są rozważania nad rolą śródmieść miast małych jako lokalnych węzłów struktury w policentrycznej przestrzeni regionu metropolitalnego. Przedstawione zostały też założenia teoretyczne podejścia badawczego do tej problematyki. Autor ponadto zreferował sytuację problemową dla śródmieścia podkrakowskiej Skawiny oraz zarysował propozycje projektów miejskich do finansowania ze środków Unii Europejskiej.

The agricultural sector and communities in the lower Red River Valley in Manitoba have suffered a number of water related problems since the Basin was first settled. Initially a massive drainage system had to be constructed to render much of the area suitable for agricultural production. Major floods and droughts have also plagued the area, resulting in direct measurable costs to area residents and businesses. In a more direct manner, the development of the area has been adversely affected by limited supplies of potable water, and due to a lack of irrigation water, the area has not been able to realize its full development potential. These problems became particularly acute between 1965 and 1980. During this period major Red River floods occurred in 1965, 1966, 1969, 1974, 1975, 1978 and 1979. In the sixty-five years previous to this period, there were only three major floods. Major drought occurred most recently in 1973, 1974, 1977 and 1980. Inevitably there was a public outcry for senior levels of government to initiate preventive action rather than merely providing compensation for losses. However, government has been slow to respond resulting in public frustration and disaffection. This study can be divided into three sections. The first four chapters deal primarily with the history of water management, tracing the evolution of policy and attitude, the transfer of responsibility from local government to more senior levels of government, and the evolution of institutional and methodological obstructions to resolving some of the recurring water management problems. The next four chapters examine the current situation in terms of potable water supply, the advantages and disadvantages of large scale irrigation and the controversy over solutions to flooding. The last chapter is comprised of a summary and recommendations. A common theme throughout the paper is the fact that regional economic development is the ultimate goal of water management. However, policy decisions seem to have devolved from the elected ...

AbstractThis essay examines the pattern of ebb and flow in the environmental movement in the United States. Although the movement has experienced periods of expansion and contraction over the last century, environmentalism has sustained significant mobilization with the evolution of its organizational forms and tactics. Mass demonstrations and other forms of public protest defined the emergence of the modern environmental movement in the 1960s and early 1970s, and grassroots action remains important, particularly in response to the urgency of climate change. However, the movement has also relied increasingly on institutionalized organizational forms and conventional tactics such as litigation and lobbying. Some critics argue that decentralized networks and disruptive tactics are essential for inspiring a new era of impassioned environmental activism, while others contend that the complexity of current environmental problems requires more formalized structures and focused legislative advocacy. We conclude that the diversity of organizational forms and activities in the environmental movement has maintained the movement over many decades, and that this diversity can aid in effecting comprehensive change.

In 2009 Guatemalan women experienced the highest level of violence in Latin America and one of the highest in the world, and death rates have continued to increase in 2010. At the core of the issue are two major problems: pervasive poverty and legal exclusion. In turn, these two issues are closely connected since legal/judicial exclusion is a consequence of poverty. This paper aims to analyze the question of violence against women in Guatemala, to discuss women's limited political, legal and economic rights, as well as the policies pursued since the end of Guatemala's civil war to deal with the violence. The fact that crimes against women have not declined, but in fact are on the rise points to the ineffective nature of the existing polices, and the need to make a larger investment in antipoverty and other socioeconomic policies geared to increase women's economic self-sufficiency.

La loi de 1970 « relative aux mesures sanitaires de lutte contre la toxicomanie et à la répression du trafic et de l'usage illicite de substance vénéneuses » constitue encore le principal cadre légal des politiques prohibitionnistes en France. Elle laisse pourtant dans un flou juridique la distinction entre usage récréatif et toxicomanie d'une part, et d'autre part entre consommateur.trice et trafiquant.e, ce qui conduit à un relatif arbitraire des condamnations.

Background: Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug in European countries. In countries with repressive cannabis policies, prevalence is not lower than in those with tolerant laws. Repressive policies not only have uncertain benefits but they are also expensive. Economists tend to believe that good public policies minimize social costs; that is, they help to improve collective wellbeing at a lower cost. Method: The paper draws on a review of international literature on cannabis legislative models around the world. After a description of some of the fundamental concepts of a market economy, several existing policy scenarios will be presented and analyzed from an economic perspective. Strength and weaknesses will be summarized for each alternative. Results: In addition to consumption tolerance in countries such as the Netherlands, recent decriminalization of domestic markets in the Unites States and Uruguay present alternatives to reduce the negative impact of cannabis on society. Earlier initiation age and rise in consumption are unintended potential consequences of decriminalization that need to be addressed by public authorities when designing a liberalized cannabis policy environment. Price is a key variable that needs to be addressed to prevent a rise in consumption. Conclusion: Repressive cannabis policies are expensive and have limited impact on consumption. Consumption legalization significantly reduces expenses for repression and law enforcement, allowing for the allocation of more resources to other targets such as education and prevention. With legalization of supply along with consumption, repression and law enforcement costs are reduced even further. Moreover, a legal market would create employment and generate tax revenues that could be allocated to the prevention of increased consumption. Legalizing cannabis would not lead to a sudden rise in consumption, providing the duty imposed by the state kept the product at its current price.