Suchergebnisse

This article is devoted to the activities of defence enterprises No. 2 (town of Kovrov), "Avtopribor" (automobile devices) and Plant No. 521 (town of Vladimir), expanding their production areas in order to increase the production of new machine guns and fuses to anti-tank-cumulative aerial bombs for the existing army . Until August 1944, Kovrov and Vladimir were administratively part of Ivanovo Region, therefore the decisions of the State Committee of Defence, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR regarding these objects were accompanied by the adoption by Ivanovo regional committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the Executive Committee of the regional council of deputies of the working relevant decisions of the organisational and administrative nature. For their implementation, any opportunities were sought, the existing equipment was filmed from enterprises, the timing of its delivery to other defence plants, including imported to imports, was shifted. The tasks of the State Defence Committee of various People's Commissariats on the technical equipment of new workshops were obligatory and accompanied by phrases "first priorityˮ with the requirement of unconditional implementation. In regional historiography, these rulings were not covered. In this regard, the introduction to the scientific turnover of the State Committee of the Defence and Part of the decisions of Ivanovo Regional Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) allows to overcome existing gaps in regional historical knowledge and in the history of the World War II.

The article is devoted to the study of labour achievements of Ivanovo residents during the participation of the USSR in World War II. This was preceded by a whole list of legal, managerial, social and economic decisions taken at the level of the centre and the region. Their main components were measures to organise labour and strengthen labour discipline, which, along with others, were based on the maximum mobilisation of regional resources. They were adequate to the military situation and in general they were so successful that the enterprises of the city and the region were able to achieve uninterrupted production of military and civilian products, and their teams during the war showed mass labour heroism and dedication. The article is based on the materials of the state archive of Ivanovo Region and the Russian state archive of socio-political history, as well as local and central periodicals. It summarises new information on the subject of most archival documents are introduced into scientific circulation, which allows to expand the knowledge of researchers and the public about the contribution of residents of Ivanovo and the region in achieving victory over Nazi Germany and its allies. The results of this study may be of interest to experts in the field of regional economy and the history of the World War II East Front.

The article is devoted to the study of Ivanovo furniture factory, which during World War II operated under the provisional name «plant No. 43» of the People's Commissariat of the forest industry. Fulfi lling the orders of the State Defence Committee of the USSR, it produced landing and sanitary aerial vehicles, special caps for 45 mm shells, cases for anti-tank mines and other special products for the active army. The article refl ects the problems of the development of these types of products by the combine, the organisation of production cooperation for the production of individual components and devices for aerial vehicles, as well as metal fi ttings for special closures and cases for anti-tank mines. Important attention is paid to the specifics of the search for solutions to resolve them, including through appeals to Joseph Stalin, the Chairman of the State Defence Committee. These actions were based on maximum mobilisation of local production resources and on the development of various forms of socialist competition. They were so successful that in August and September 1944, the factory's labour team twice became the winner of the all-Union socialist competition among the enterprises of the forest industry with the award of the Red Banner of the GKO of the State Defence Committee. In the end, all this worked for the defence of the country and brought the defeat of the enemy closer. The article is based on the materials of the state archive of Ivanovo Region, the Russian state archive of socio-political history, the State archive of the Russian Federation, and the local periodical press. It summarises new information on the topic under study, most of the archival documents are introduced into scientific circulation for the fi rst time, which allows researchers and the public to expand their understanding of the contribution of residents of the region to achieving victory over Nazi Germany and its allies. The results of this research may be of interest to specialists in the fi eld of regional economy and the history of World War II.

The article is devoted to the study of the activities of enterprises of cooperative and local industry of Ivanovo Region in 1941-1942. for the production of military products and consumer goods. It refl ects the problems of production of products to equip the acting army, as well as meet the needs of the civilian population of the region. Signifi cant attention is paid to the specifi cs of fi nding solutions to solve them. These actions provided not only for the maximum mobilisation of local resources, but also for the development of various forms of socialist competition. The article examines the role of enterprises and the population of the region in the seasonal washing and repair of the Red Army uniforms, shoes, boots, etc. It is noted about the production of explosives and dextrin, as well as the urgent need for the production of consumer goods. In the end, all
this worked for the defence of the country and brought closer the defeat of the enemy. The article is based on the materials of the state archive of Ivanovo Region, the Russian state archive of socio-political history, as well as the local periodical press.
It summarises new material on the subject of most archival documents are introduced into scientifi c circulation, which allows to expand the knowledge of researchers and the public about the contribution of area residents to the victory over Nazi Germany and its allies. The results of this study may be of interest to specialists in the fi eld of regional economy and the history of War

This article is devoted to the study of the economic justification and actions to opening a branch of the State Bank in the town of Kineshma in the early 20th century. This process was quite specific, since it was not just extended in time, which allows us to speak of its periodisation, but it also differed in the professional affiliation of the initiators of the opening. If at the first stage, these were representatives of the business community – at the second stage, these included the manager of Ivanovo-Voznesensk branch of the State Bank. About 10 years had passed between these events, Russia passed the stage of revolutionary upheavals, and its economy began to develop actively again. The regional policy of the State Bank had also changed. Increasing attention has been paid to its presence in developing economic regions through the opening of the branches of the Bank in them. Moreover, as a result of the development of the commercial banking system, competition in the lending market has intensified, which also justified the need to expand the sphere of influence on the part of the State Bank. In fact, these actions carried out the credit and banking registration of Ivanovo-Kineshma industrial region, which arose in the 1910s. This article has been prepared on the basis of documents from the Russian State Historical Archive, which have been introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. It makes it possible to strengthen the understanding of the role of the branches of the State Bank in the development of regional industry intended for researchers of its history during the imperial period.

The article is devoted to the study of the participation of the manufacturers in the activities of the accounting and loan committee for commercial and industrial loans at Ivanovo-Voznesensk branch of the State Bank of the Russian Empire. The article was prepared on the basis of archival materials from the State Archives of Ivanovo Region and, first of all, personal data from the personal files of Mefodiy Garelin and Dmitriy Burylin – the committee's members. Using the prosopographic method, the typical qualities inherent in the business image of the members of the accounting and loan committee at Ivanovo-Voznesensk branch of the State Bank in the pre-revolutionary period were determined. The committee invited manufacturers with an impeccable business reputation, held in the field of public, representative and social activities. The mechanism of their invitation was regulated by circulars of the State Bank, and the candidates nominated were approved by the Minister of Finance of the Russian Empire. The entrepreneurs who were on the committee were characterised by a good state of property and trade affairs. In addition, the manufacturers were competent in those branches of trade and industry that were of financial interest for Ivanovo-Voznesensky branch of the State Bank. The members of the committee from the entrepreneurial circles of Ivanovo-Voznesensk informed the bank's management about the state of various branches of trade and industry, impartially assessed the creditworthiness of individuals, and were guarantors of the return of borrowed funds to the bank. The branch of the bank, guided by the information received from the manufactures, carried out more economically reliable operations for the accounting of bills and the issuance of loans. The authors conclude that the manufacturers as part of the accounting and loan committee at Ivanovo-Voznesensk branch of the State Bank carried out a socially significant and state-important type of activity.

The article is devoted to the study of the activities of public education bodies in organising the work of museums on the territory of the newly formed Ivanovo-Voznesensk Province in the early years of the Soviet state. Using the example of museums in Kineshma and Ivanovo-Voznesensk, the main problems they had faced, were considered. The importance and relevance of museums for educational purposes is revealed not only for the centre of the province, but also for lesser towns. Examples from the practice of collecting historical, cultural, artistic and museum values in the estates of industrialists and entrepreneurs, the asceticism of the first museum workers are given. The article uses documents from the State Archive of Ivanovo Region and the auxiliary fund of Kineshma Art and Historical Museum, a significant part of which has been introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. It is addressed to researchers studying the actions of the executive authorities of the Soviet state in its early years of formation and development, as well as the scientific community.

The Axis aggression greatly changed the life of the USSR. Activities of higher educational institutions of Ivanovo Region in 1941–1942 was complicated by a number of circumstances: the transfer of educational buildings for the needs of hospitals, the mobilisation of faculty staff and students to the Red Army. This article examines the activities of one of the leading higher educational institutions of the region – Ivanovo State Medical Institute in 1941–1942. Special attention is paid to the legal regulation of the institute's activities, as well as its administrative work. In addition, the article touches upon the problem of the institute's contribution to the development of life at the front and rear in war conditions. For the first time, the paper analyses documents from the State Archives of Ivanovo Region, which provide information about the organisation of the educational process, the economic state of the institute, the work of the teaching staff and students in hospitals and scientific research. It also summarises the data from the memoirs of Ivanovo Medical Institute employees concerning assistance to those displaced from Leningrad, the blood transfusion service, etc. The work is based on archival documents (resolutions of the regional committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, reports on educational and extracurricular activities of the institute, etc.), introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The memoirs of the faculty and students are also involved, giving the article a special interest.

This article is devoted to the award promotion for the members of the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank of Vladimir Province. The consequences of the reforms of Emperor Alexander II included the development of the Russian economy and the formation of a commercial and industrial bourgeoisie. Within it, stable and large industrial dynasties arose. For many representatives of these dynasties in post-reform Russia, the established reputation meant honest businessmen who valued their position in society and sought to increase their merits before it. It is to this category of entrepreneurs that the State Bank of the Russian Empire drew attention to during the organisation of the accounting and loan committees for the development of lending of industry and trade in the post-reform period. This decision of the State Bank served as the basis for the formation of the future institute of public-private partnership in the national economy of the Empire. This topic has already been developed in the research activities of the authors of the article. In this publication, it is viewed through the system of the state awards, as a form of recognition of the merits of the entrepreneurs of Vladimir Province in successful cooperation with the branches of the State Bank in Vladimir and Ivanovo-Voznesensk. For their useful activities, the State Bank presented the members of the committees to be awarded with various awards – the civil medals for the wearing on the neck or the chest, the orders on the ribbons, the coronation medals and the honorary titles. The practice of the presenting of the members of the committees to the awarding of the medals and orders is confirmed by examples from the documents of the State archives of Vladimir and Ivanovo regions. The conclusion about the work of the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank on the basis of the institution of the state-private partnership is drawn.

This article is devoted to the law ensuring of the activities of the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank of the Russian Empire in the post-reform period. On May 31 (old style) (June 12 new style), 1860, Emperor Alexander II signed a decree establishing the State Bank of the Russian Empire. At the same time, the charter of the State Bank was adopted. 13 articles of the charter were devoted to the activities of the accounting and loan committees at local branches of the State Bank. The authors cite extracts from these articles of the charter that regulate the activities of the committees and attempt to analyse them. The provisions of the articles of the charter of the State Bank are confirmed by examples from the documents of the State Archives of Ivanovo and Vladimir regions. A study of the articles of the charter showed that industrialists and merchants – representatives of the merchant class of the region of the branch – were approved as the members of the committees at the local branches of the State Bank. Industrialists and traders, who worked as members of the committee at the branch of the State Bank, informed the bank about the state of various branches of trade and industry, they gave recommendations on the issuance of a loan by the bank and they were guarantors of the loan repayment to the bank. For their useful activities for the committee's affairs, the State Bank awarded them with honorary awards, recognising their merits in the public activities of the city. At the end of the article, the authors conclude that the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank were created and functioned on the basis of the institution of public-private partnership.

The events of the East Front of World War II had an impact on the activities of the higher educational institutions in the City of Ivanovo and Ivanovo Region. There had been significant changes in the organisation of the educational process, the content of the curricula, the academic performance, the number of the teachers and the students, and the living conditions. The Soviet authorities took a number of the organisational measures to ensure the work of higher education institutions in the wartime conditions. This article examines the activities of one of the leading higher education institutions in Ivanovo Region – Ivanovo State Pedagogic Institute - in 1941-1945. Special attention is paid to the organisation of the educational process at the faculties, the changes in the educational programmes, the academic performance, the number of the teachers and the students, the working and leisure conditions. In addition, the article examines the administrative actions of the regional leadership to provide the pedagogic institute with fuel and its teachers and students, with food; we reflect the effectiveness of the measures taken. The result of this study was the conclusion about the essence of the "survival" of the institute in a military environment, the adaptation of the educational process to the emerging problems, the contribution of teachers and students to the country's defence and the work of the rear. The conditions in which the intitute carried out its activities allow us to conclude that although it was not the largest and not the greatest prestigious, the establishment had managed to "survive" in those difficult years.

The establishment of the institution of constitutional oversight in Russia has a long history. With the adoption of the «Fundamental State Laws» on April 23, 1906 (the first constitution of Russia), the functions of constitutional supervision were assigned to the First Department of the Governing Senate. In this paper, we examined the key decisions of the Governing Senate as a body of constitutional oversight during the Monarchy after the Coup of June 3, 1907; as well as February Revolution; and October Revolution. Our research has shown that at the said critical moments in Russian history, the First
Department of the Senate adopted political decisions that did not comply with the provisions of the «Basic State Laws» on April 23, 1906, and had long-term negative consequences for the history of Russia. This concerned both the publication of the electoral laws of June 3, 1907, and the acts on the abdication of Nicholas II as emperor and on Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich's refusal of power. In the last ruling, which was held by the Governing Senate on November 23, 1917 as a body of constitutional supervision, the Soviet power was considered to be illegal and criminal. The Senate refused to obey its pending of the convocation of the Constituent Assembly. The decisions of the Governing Senate analysed in the article make it possible to conclude that it is necessary to observe the principle of legality when exercising constitutional supervision.

This article is devoted to the organisation of work of textile enterprises in the territory of Ivanovo Region in the pre-war period. It was carried out through the legal decisions of the Soviet government and the People's Commissariat of the Textile Industry of the USSR. However, their implementation was based on the sectoral search for domestic reserves rather than on the development of new investments in the enterprises; that would contribute to an increase in the production of civilian products and a variety of its assortment. In the field of production, they covered an increase in production standards, increased productivity and optimisation of technological processes. In relation to labour collectives, they were aimed at combating violators of labour discipline, the release of defective products, as well as on the formation of a careful attitude towards state property. Ultimately, those measures had to contribute to an increase in the revenue part of the state budget. In general, these measures contributed to strengthening textile production in Ivanovo Region, the implementation of planned tasks. However, its further development was restrained by a complex of various problems and, above all, by disadvantage of that time's equipment, the manufacture of which was still mastered by engineering plants of the country. In the conditions of an impending military threat, the presence of the said problems had become increasingly more clear.

In this article, using the example of Rodniki blended-mixture fabric plant "Bolshevik", one of the largest enterprises of Ivanovo Region, the process of overcoming organisational, economic and social problems by the enterprise in the conditions of the Axis invasion in order to implement the resolutions of the State Defence Committee in the most difficult conditions of 1942 is considered. Considerable attention is paid to the organisation of production at the plant, actions to strengthen labour discipline, the participation of the enterprise's staff in the All-Union Socialist competition, personnel training, solving everyday problems, etc. The article provides statistical, quantitative and documented information. The general situation in the textile industry of Ivanovo Region during this period is considered. An analysis of the chronology of events related to the implementation of the resolutions of the State Defence Committee, the People's Commissariat of the Textile Industry, etc. is undertaken. The article is based on the materials of the State Archive of Ivanovo Region and the local periodical press. A significant part of archival documents has been introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

This article examines the organisation of the production of shells, mines and parts for them, as well as cotton pulp at the enterprises of the People's Commissariat of the Textile Industry of the USSR in the first half of 1943. Importance and attention is paid to solving the issues of providing them with metal, fuel, electricity, chemicals and other materials. The enterprises were required not only to produce, but also to fully ship the specified products to the equipment factories. Thanks to well-coordinated management and production cooperation, despite numerous problems, most of the factories and factories of the People's Commissariat not only steadily fulfilled, but also significantly exceeded production tasks. The article presents the monthly dynamics of the implementation of the ammunition production plan, which was generally positive. Its receipt became possible as a result of the analysis of the orders of the People's Commissariat stored in the fund No. 1689 of the State Archive of Ivanovo Region, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Examined in chronological order, they allow us to get an idea of the growing needs of the acting army in ammunition and gunpowder during and in anticipation of the key battles of the East Front of World War II. Categorical demands from the People's Commissariat to the heads of the main departments and directors of enterprises about the need for unconditional fulfillment of the established plans complement it emotionally. The article is addressed to specialists in the field of the history of the Soviet textile industry, graduates, masters and undergraduates of higher educational institutions.