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Brazil is currently suffering economic stagnation and a political crisis. The economic growth that buoyed Brazil through most of the 2000s has stalled, and the ruling Workers' Party, which through three presidential terms led Brazil toward relatively worker- and union-friendly policies, is under fierce political attack. These circumstances make it an apt time to evaluate the challenges currently faced by workers and their unions in Brazil. This Brief undertakes that evaluation by placing the current situation in a longer historical context.

<p>Os anos trinta, no Brasil, traduzem um momento de grande efervescência política e cultural para o país, abarcando inúmeras transformações que, no campo intelectual, estreitam cada vez mais os laços de intelectuais com o poder. No que diz respeito à esfera cultural, as práticas que surgem a partir de tal década denotam que, pela primeira vez na história republicana, projetos de políticas culturais visaram articular questões discutidas pela nação ao desejo de construção de uma "cultura nacional autônoma" e, assim, acalentaram sonhos e utopias de um grupo que em muito buscou configurar a chamada "realidade brasileira". O presente artigo tem por objetivo detectar algumas peculiaridades da condição intelectual brasileira no famoso período partindo-se sobretudo de uma experiência particular - isto é, vivenciada pelo modernista Mário de Andrade como diretor de um importante órgão político-cultural da cidade de São Paulo (1935-1938) - vinculando-a aos acontecimentos históricos e, ainda, aos determinantes políticos e ideológicos que configuraram o campo intelectual brasileiro no início do século</p>

Textile-reinforced mortars (TRM) have been identified as sustainable materials for externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) of masonry and historical structures. The fibre-to-mortar bond, the TRM-to-masonry bond, and the mechanical properties of the TRM constituents have a fundamental role in the performance of this strengthening technique. Although several studies can be found in the literature with the focus on characterization of the tensile response and TRM-to-masonry bond behaviour, the fibre-to-mortar bond response that plays a critical role in the performance of these systems have received few attention. This paper, as a step towards addressing the gap in characterization of the fibre-to-mortar bond behaviour, presents an experimental and analytical investigation on the effect of test setup and fiber embedded length on the pull-out response and bond-slip laws in TRM composites. Three different pull-out test setups, consisting of one pull-pull and two pull-push configurations, are developed and investigated for characterization of the single fibre- to-mortar bond behaviour. The experimental and analytical results are discussed and presented and bond-slip laws are extracted for each test setup and embedded length. ; European Union's Marie Curie Individual Fellowship program under REA grant agreement No. 701531. This work was partly financed by FEDER funds through the Competitivity Factors Operational Programme (COMPETE) and by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) within the scope of project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007633. The support to the second author through grant ...

The sustainability in the building industry is currently a sounding topic, seeking the development of more environmental friendly building materials. The incorporation of industrial wastes and the reuse of construction and demolition waste (CDW) in the production of building materials are methods being used to solve this problem. Furthermore, these methods contribute to fulfilling the targets defined by European Union for the valorisation of non-hazard waste. The construction with compressed earth blocks (CEBs) stabilised with geopolymeric binders is a solution that can contribute to this objective by incorporating both CDW (excavation soil) and industrial wastes. Despite some recent research done on this topic, it still deserves further investigation. This paper intends to contribute to the development of this topic by presenting an experimental program, continuing previous research. The experimental program is addressed to the mechanical characterisation of a dry-stack CEB (stabilised with geopolymer obtained from alkaline activation of fly ash) masonry system, and includes the evolution of the strength of the CEBs with the curing time. In general, the evolution of the strength of the CEBs cured under ambient condition was shown to be a slow process, which can have implications on the production process. ; Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) through the project FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-028864 ...

Trata-se de pesquisa acerca da violência de gênero no município de Bragança, Amazônia Paraense e das práticas da Delegacia Especializada de Atendimento à Mulher (DEAM) Bragança/PRO PAZ Integrado – 6ª Região Integrada de Segurança Pública (RISP) Caeté. O objetivo geral é de analisar a prática dos agentes do Estado mediante as denúncias de violência de gênero, no ano de 2017. Constatamos que a DEAM Bragança, desde sua implantação, tem trabalhado no combate a violência de gênero no município de Bragança-PA; que o atendimento maioritário das profissionais da instituição pesquisada é voltado para as mulheres que se encontram em vulnerabilidade social e ressalta-se que a implantação dessa instituição no município pesquisado é um marco para a questão do combate à violência doméstica contra mulheres, crianças, adolescentes, idosos e idosas.

Earth, as a building material, has been used since ancient times, and is still being used with that purpose. It was used for building shelters, houses, temples and even military constructions, like fortresses. As a consequence, currently, there is a great architectural heritage stock on this kind of constructions. Nevertheless, earthen materials are very sensitive when compared with modern materials, since they are more vulnerable to external aggressive agents, revealing most of the times a faster degradation rate. From a structural perspective they present a very low tensile strength, a low compressive strength and a fragile behaviour, making the earthen structures strongly vulnerable to earthquakes. The structural damage in this kind of structures manifests, in general, in the form of cracks or voids. Repairing these cracks is fundamental in order to obtain an improved structural behaviour, especially if the earth construction was built in a seismic zone. Injecting mud grouts may constitute a feasible and reliable solution for repair this kind of damage. Although, mud grouts experience many problems that hinder their application and the knowledge about them is still very limited. This requires that deep studies have to be carried out in order to solve their problems and to make this solution reliable. In this paper it is discussed the methodology that should be established for the design of mud grouts suitable for earth constructions. But first a summarized explanation about earth constructions and their problems is presented. This results from an ongoing PhD research that still is in an initial phase, and it aims, precisely, the development of grouts specifically to be applied in earth constructions. ; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia ...

To the bridges failures that have been arising over the years, experts have pointed out as the main cause of failure, human errors, in the design, construction and operation phases. One of the main goals of this paper is the identification of the foremost causes of failure due to human errors in design and construction procedures. Therefore, a bridge failure database that includes several failure cases and a human errors survey will be used to support this line of work. After the identification of some explicit human errors that is believed to be the source of several reinforced concrete bridges failures, a selective analysis using risk indicators, namely, the probability of occurrence and consequence, is performed to choose those that might represent a higher risk for the structural safety. The outcome of five chosen human errors in a specific case study is quantified using a robustness index that will be computed according to the reliability index reduction of the structure due to the damages caused by the human errors, allowing to demonstrate how these errors can have a huge influence in the structural safety. The modelling and the finite element analysis of the structure will be performed using TNO DIANA software, allowing the calculation of the reliability index of the structure damaged by different human errors. Within the COST action TU-1406, the main goal of this work is to give a contribution to the establishment of a roadways bridge quality control plan with higher efficiency in the reduction of bridge failures and their substantial, fatalities and economic loss. ; This work was partly financed by FEDER funds through the Competitively Factors Operational Programme (COMPETE 2020) and by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) within the scope of the projects POCI-01-0145-FEDE-007633, iRail-Innovation in Railway Systems and Technologies. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmeunder grant agreement No 769255. ...

To the bridges failures that have been arising over the years, experts have pointed out as the main cause of failure, human errors, in the design, construction and operation phases. One of the main goals of this paper is the identification of the foremost causes of failure due to human errors in design and construction procedures. Therefore, a bridge failure database that includes several failure cases and a human errors survey will be used to support this line of work. After the identification of some explicit human errors that is believed to be the source of several reinforced concrete bridges failures, a selective analysis using risk indicators, namely, the probability of occurrence and consequence, is performed to choose those that might represent a higher risk for the structural safety. The outcome of five chosen human errors in a specific case study is quantified using a robustness index that will be computed according to the reliability index reduction of the structure due to the damages caused by the human errors, allowing to demonstrate how these errors can have a huge influence in the structural safety. The modelling and the finite element analysis of the structure will be performed using TNO DIANA software, allowing the calculation of the reliability index of the structure damaged by different human errors. Within the COST action TU-1406, the main goal of this work is to give a contribution to the establishment of a roadways bridge quality control plan with higher efficiency in the reduction of bridge failures and their substantial, fatalities and economic loss. ; This work was partly financed by FEDER funds through the Competitively Factors Operational Programme (COMPETE 2020) and by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) within the scope of the projects POCI-01-0145-FEDE-007633, iRail - Innovation in Railway Systems and Technologies. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 769255. This document reflects only the views of the author(s). Neither the Innovation and Networks Executive Agency (INEA) nor the European Commission is in any way responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

ResumoDiversos autores conceituam a Web 2.0como uma "ecologia complexa" a fim de apreender as novas configurações da esfera pública nas sociedades contemporâneas. Contudo, raros estudos desenvolvem uma caracterização sistemática da especificidade das condições de comunicação nos ambientes digitais. Este artigo tem por objetivo caracterizar, numa base comparativa, três espaços de conversação online: blogs, sitesde redes sociais (como o Facebook) e plataformas de conteúdo colaborativo (como o YouTube). A partir de uma exploração crítica da literatura corrente e de estudos empíricos, examinam-se as implicações da identificação dos participantes, o papel da moderação, a interatividade social e a natureza do público presumido. Tomando como pano de fundo as condições normativas para a deliberação, defende-se o argumento segundo o qual a relação entre o designe a organização dos espaços virtuais tem impactos específicos na configuração da argumentação e da conversação mediada. Como conclusão, indicamos algumas implicações da arquitetura técnica de distintas plataformas para pensar o ambiente complexo das conversações onlinesob uma perspectiva deliberacionista.