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Abstract
This article deals with the Student Civic Service (SCS) of 1974-77, and in particular the Labour and Culture Plan, which was concerned with the collection of ethnographic data and with intervention within the population as it existed in 1975. The SCS was affected by a combination of political conflicts and social dynamics that demanded a new form of political language and social experiences. It facilitated a new appreciation, new discoveries and new challenges between the students and the populations within which they served in terms of politics, customs, generic identities, religion, food, housing and hygiene. Some of the interventions were of a nature that could be characterized by the assumption of identities that were, to a large extent, marked by collective hope. This article pays attention to the history/memory binomial as well as to the relevance of the social movements during the revolutionary period.

Aiming to study the parasitic capacity of Apanteles militaris through lifetime on Mythimna unipuncta, the following parameters were analyzed for each day of parasitism: number of cocoons per host: number of larvae that did not form cocoon: number of larvae that did not emerge from the host; sex-ratio; adult emergence rate: number of parasitized, dead ar pupated armyworm. Maximum female longevity was 16 days. The number of cocoons per host decreased for older parasitoid females. The age of the females did not significantly affect the following parameters: the number of larvae that did not form cocoon, the number of larvae that did not emerge from the host, the sex-ratio and adult emergence. The number of dead or pupated armyworm increased with time while the number of parasitized host decreased.

This article is the copyright property of the Entomological Society of America and may not be used for any commercial or other private purpose without specific written permission of the Entomological Society of America. ; Successful use of Glyptapanteles militaris (Walsh) to control the polyphagous pest Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth) depends on knowledge of the host-parasite relationship. In this study, we determined the suitability of different P. unipuncta instars for oviposition by G. militaris females, and we evaluated the parasitoid performance on each host instar (L1 to L6). The following parameters were measured: percentage of larvae parasitized from which parasitoids emerged; percentage of host mortality; percentage of hosts that pupated after being stung by the parasitoid; egg-larval developmental time; pupal period; total developmental time; mean number of cocoons per host; mean number of parasitoid larvae that emerged from a host larva but failed to spin a cocoon; number of parasitoid larvae that failed to emerge from each host; total number of parasitoid larvae per host; parasitoid sex ratio and emergence rate of adult progeny. All host instars were stung by female parasitoids, but cocoons were never obtained from L6. The proportion of parasitized larvae increased from L1 to L6 then declined steeply, reaching no parasitism for L6, with a significant difference between L1 and L3, L4. Conversely, the proportion of host larvae that pupated decreased from Ll to L3, increased for L4 and L5, and slightly declined for L6. Significant differences were observed between L5, L6 and the other 4 instars. Similar results were observed for the proportion of larva killed before emergence of the parasites, with a significant difference between L6 and L2, L3. Host instar at the time of parasitization significantly affected egg- larval and total developmental time, the total number of parasitoid larvae per host, and the emergence rate of adult progeny. These results indicate that the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars of P. unipuncta were more suitable for G. militaris parasitism, because these instars provide a high percentage of hosts that will be successfully parasitized and they also produce large numbers of parasitoids per host.

The effect of four different temperatures (15, 20 25 and 30°C), on biological parameters of the Azorean population of Glyptapanteles militaris (Walsh) was studied, using Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth) as the host. Thirteen biological parameters of the were analyzed: percentage of hosts that died without producing parasitoids; percentage of larvae parasitized from which parasitoids emerged; percentage of hosts surviving to pupate after the parasitoid's sting; egg-larval development time; pupal period; total developmental time; adult longevity; total number of larvae per host; number of larval parasitoids that fail to emerge from each host; mean number of parasitoids that emerged from host larva but failed to spin a cocoon; mean number of cocoons per host; parasitoid sex-ratio; and finally emergence rate of adult parasitoid progeny. The percentage of hosts that died without producing parasitoids increased with increasing temperature. Developmental times significantly decreased with increasing temperature. The mean number of cocoons per host; mean number of parasitoids that emerged from each host larva but failed to spin a cocoon; and total number of larvae per host were higher when the temperature was lower. Parasitoid sex ratio and emergence rate of adult progeny were not affected by the temperatures tested.

Parasites of Apanteles militaris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval parasite of Mythimna unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were first found in São Miguel (Azores) in 1989. In 1990 annual surveys of those hyperparasites were initiated in order to study their distribution throughout the year. During the first two years, Lisibia sp. was found at two different altitudes. However, Trichomalopsis sp. was only identified at the highest altitude. Two years after the identification of these two genera, a third hyperparasitoid (Gelis sp.) was found at both altitudes.

Proceedings from the 6th European Workshop on Insects Parasitoids, Valencia, 1-4 March 1997. ; The effects of photoperiod on development time, longevity and progeny of Apanteles militaris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were investigated using Mythimna unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as host. Three groups of parasitized host larvae were exposed to 15.5±0.5°C of temperature, 75±0.5 of R.H. Each group was submitted to a different photoperiod, 8:16, 12:12 and 16:8 (L:D). Significant differences were found in the egg-larvae development time, pupal period and in the total development time. The adults longevity was higher and significantly different between 8:6 (L:D) and the others photoperiods. Concerning the progeny, the mean total and the mean number of cocoons per host did not differ significantly. However, the mean number of parasitoids that emerged from host larva but failed to spin a cocoon was significantly different between 8:6 and 16:8 (LD). Length of photophase did not significantly affect parasitoid sex-ratio but the emergence of adult progeny was different between 8 and 16 hours light.

1st International Symposium on Biological Control in European Islands, Centro de Luta Biológica do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada (Açores), September 23 to 29, 1995. ; The relationships between Apanteles militaris and the number of host's larvae of Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth) (Lep., Noctuidae) that can be parasitized, was the subject of this study. One parasitoid female parasitizes one, two, four, six or ten larvae of M. unipuncta during 24 hours. There was a relationship between the total number of larvae and the number of parasitized hosts. A significant difference was found among the progeny. The number of hosts per parasitoid did not significantly affect the sex ratio and the progeny adult emergence.

PortFIR (Portuguese Food Information Resource) is a program for the implementation of national networks of knowledge and data sharing in the areas of nutrition and food safety, and might be considered a spin-off of EuroFIR. The main aims of PortFIR are to promote synergy among the different actors in these fields in order to optimize the usage of national resources, and to manage and deliver data and information. Therefore, Port in PortFIR stands for Portal as well. This Portal, currently in its early stages of development, will include sustainable and quality assured food databases on composition, contamination (chemical and microbiological) and consumption and functionalities to electronically transmit and exchange data with international and national organisations, namely EuroFIR and EFSA. The PortFIR program is coordinated by the National Institute of Health (INSA) in a partnership with GS1 Portugal and with the support of governmental and private organizations encompassing health, agriculture and economy sectors. The Portuguese Food Composition Network was the first PortFIR network to be created and started its activity formally in October 2009 with the ultimate purpose of maintaining and updating the national food composition database (FCDB). Since January 2010, four Working Groups – Sampling, Organization and Transfer of Information, Users, Support to Standardization Work - are developing their activity. The network has currently 58 members, representing namely, food industry and distribution, state and private laboratories, universities, and regulators, of which 28 have declared their willingness to share data with the national FCDB. The Portuguese Food Microbiological Information Network, the second network created, was launched formally in October 2010 during the 3rd PortFIR Annual Meeting, and to date more than 80 entities already responded positively to the invitation to participate. The work in progress reveals that PortFIR activities are important to promote the use and quality of food data at national and international level. Keywords: PortFIR, National Network, Food databases, Food composition, Food Safety

During a scientific expedition carried out in Madeira Island in September 1997, Pseudaletia (=Mythimna) unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae were collected in maize fields and pastures. These larvae were parasitized by a braconid belonging to Glyptapanteles genus. This population was characterised biochemically to identify the species. Seven enzyme systems studied by electrophoresis were analysed: aldehyde oxidase (AO), aglycerophosphate dehydrogenase (a-GPD), tetrazolium oxidase (TO), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose-6-dehydrogenase (G6PD), malic enzyme (ME), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). All systems showed only one band, with two exceptions: a-GPD and ME which had two bands which corresponded to different loci. No polymorphic enzymes were detected. Comparing this results with those obtained from G. militaris collected in Azores Islands and in Quebec-Canada we can suggest that the population of Glyptapanteles collected in Madeira Island belongs to G. militaris species.

III Simpósio Fauna e Flora das Ilhas Atlânticas / Symposium Fauna and Flora of the Atlantic Islands, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada (Açores), 21 - 25 September, 1998. ; During the Scientific Expedition effectuated in Madeira Island in September 1997, Pseudaletia (Mythimna) unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae were collected in maize fields and pastures. These larvae were parasilized by a braconid belonging to Glyptapanteles genus. This population was characterised biochemically to identify the species. Seven enzyme systems studied by electrophoresis were analysed: aldehyde oxidase (AO), aglycerophosphate dehydrogenase (a-GPO), tetrazolium oxidase (TO), malate dehydrogenase (MOH), glucose-6-dehydrogenase (G6PO), malic enzyme (ME), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IOH). All systems presented only one band, with two exceptions: a-GPO and ME with two bands which corresponded to different locus. No polimorphic enzymes were detected. Comparing this result s with those obtained from G. militaris collected in Azores Islands and in Quebec-Canada we cau suggest that the population of Glyptapanteles collected in Madeira Island belongs to G. militaris species.