Suchergebnisse

Objectives and method. Survey the seasonal influenza vaccination status of French military general practitioners between 2008 and 2012 and the changes in influenza vaccination rates following the pandemic influenza A H1N1 by phone questionnaire.Results. 252 answers were analysed. The vaccination rates from the seasons 2008-2009 to 2011-2012 were respectively 86.9 %, 88.1 %, 83.7 %, 76.2 % and 93.3 % against the pandemic influenza in 2009. 75.4 % of the doctors declared to be immunized every year. The points in favor were mainly individual and highlighted the importance of the recommendations. The points in disfavour were in connection with the vaccine safety and efficiency. Young doctors were more vaccinated.Conclusion. The coverage rates were higher for military physicians than for civilian general practitioners homologs. However the reduction in vaccination rates in 2010 and 2011 is troubling and was probably connected to the unefficient promotion during the campaign against the pandemic influenza. The influenza vaccination policy has to convince on its interest and safety to get ready against a future pandemic ; But et méthode de l'étude. Evaluer la vaccination antigrippale saisonnière et ses déterminants chez les médecins généralistes militaires en France de 2008 à 2012 et l'impact de la campagne de vaccination contre la grippe A H1N1 sur celle-ci par questionnaire téléphonique Résultats. 252 réponses ont été analysées. Les taux de vaccination pour les saisons 2008-2009 à 2011-2012 étaient respectivement de 86.9%, 88.1%, 83.7%, 76.2% et 93.3% contre la grippe A pandémique. 75.4% des médecins déclaraient se vacciner chaque année. Les arguments en faveur étaient principalement individuels et mettaient en évidence l'importance des recommandations. Les arguments en défaveur portaient sur la question de l'innocuité et de l'efficacité du vaccin. Les jeunes médecins étaient plus vaccinés. Conclusion. Les taux de vaccinations dans la population de médecins généralistes militaires étaient supérieurs à ceux des ...

Objectives and method. Survey the seasonal influenza vaccination status of French military general practitioners between 2008 and 2012 and the changes in influenza vaccination rates following the pandemic influenza A H1N1 by phone questionnaire.Results. 252 answers were analysed. The vaccination rates from the seasons 2008-2009 to 2011-2012 were respectively 86.9 %, 88.1 %, 83.7 %, 76.2 % and 93.3 % against the pandemic influenza in 2009. 75.4 % of the doctors declared to be immunized every year. The points in favor were mainly individual and highlighted the importance of the recommendations. The points in disfavour were in connection with the vaccine safety and efficiency. Young doctors were more vaccinated.Conclusion. The coverage rates were higher for military physicians than for civilian general practitioners homologs. However the reduction in vaccination rates in 2010 and 2011 is troubling and was probably connected to the unefficient promotion during the campaign against the pandemic influenza. The influenza vaccination policy has to convince on its interest and safety to get ready against a future pandemic ; But et méthode de l'étude. Evaluer la vaccination antigrippale saisonnière et ses déterminants chez les médecins généralistes militaires en France de 2008 à 2012 et l'impact de la campagne de vaccination contre la grippe A H1N1 sur celle-ci par questionnaire téléphonique Résultats. 252 réponses ont été analysées. Les taux de vaccination pour les saisons 2008-2009 à 2011-2012 étaient respectivement de 86.9%, 88.1%, 83.7%, 76.2% et 93.3% contre la grippe A pandémique. 75.4% des médecins déclaraient se vacciner chaque année. Les arguments en faveur étaient principalement individuels et mettaient en évidence l'importance des recommandations. Les arguments en défaveur portaient sur la question de l'innocuité et de l'efficacité du vaccin. Les jeunes médecins étaient plus vaccinés. Conclusion. Les taux de vaccinations dans la population de médecins généralistes militaires étaient supérieurs à ceux des ...

International audience ; Agroecology has come a long way. In the past ten years, it has reappeared in France throughout the agricultural sector and is now included in public and private strategies and in supportive policies, with collateral interest effects. Is a new "agro-revolution" taking place? To address this issue, using a methodology mixing hyperlink mapping and textual corpora analysis, we focus here on the trajectory of agroecology in various worlds: that of academia, social movements, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that promote international solidarity, research and training institutions and public policies. This trajectory intertwines actors and time lines, with periods in which certain actors play a specific role, and others in which interactions between actors are dominant in terms of coalition advocacy. Some actors play a major role in circulating agroecology as they belong to several different social worlds (e.g., academia and NGO), present high occupational mobility (from politician to scientist and vice versa), are charismatic or have an irradiating aura in the media, and can articulate and circulate ideas between different social arenas (including between countries). The stabilization of networks of actors is interpreted as the institutionalization of agroecology, both within social movements as well as because of its integration into a policy aimed at an ecological modernization of agriculture. The international positioning of many actors anchors national and regional initiatives more strongly. It is also a prerequisite for the amplification and development of agroecology.

Les termes «transition" ou "transformation" apparaissent, ou plutôt réapparaissent, à la mode dans l'agenda scientifique et politique ces dernières années : transition énergétique, écologique, agroécologique, ville en transition. (.).

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is built upon significant cognitive developments in the field of ecological science but also encourages active involvement of all interested parties in its implementation. The coexistence in the same policy text of both substantive and procedural approaches to policy development stimulated this research as did our concerns about the implications of substantive ecological visions within the WFD policy for promoting, or not, social learning processes through participatory designs. We have used a qualitative analysis of the WFD text which shows the ecological dimension of the WFD dedicates its quasi-exclusive attention to a particular current of thought in ecosystems science focusing on ecosystems status and stability and considering human activities as disturbance factors. This particular worldview is juxtaposed within the WFD with a more utilitarian one that gives rise to many policy exemptions without changing the general underlying ecological model. We discuss these policy statements in the light of the tension between substantive and procedural policy developments. We argue that the dominant substantive approach of the WFD, comprising particular ecological assumptions built upon "compositionalism," seems to be contradictory with its espoused intention of involving the public. We discuss that current of thought in regard to more functionalist thinking and adaptive management, which offers greater opportunities for social learning, i.e., place a set of interdependent stakeholders in an intersubjective position in which they operate a "social construction" of water problems through the co-production of knowledge.

Achieving the existence of a scientific community: the French case in the international dynamic David Dumoulin, Guillaume Ollivier S.A.C. 'Revue d'anthropology des Knowledge' 2013/2 Vol. 7, No 2, pages 365 to 410 Article available online in How can you be systematicist? Building a scientific community: the French case in international dynamics', Review d'anthropology des ConnancesElectronic Distribution Cairn.info for S.A.C. © S.A.C. All rights reserved for all countries. Reproduction or representation of this article, in particular by photocopying, is authorised only within the limits of the general conditions of use of the site or, where applicable, the general terms and conditions of the licence entered into by your establishment. Any other reproduction or representation, in whole or in part, in any form and manner, shall be prohibited unless the publisher has given its prior written consent, except in the cases provided for by the legislation in force in France. It is specified that storage in a database is also prohibited. ; International audience ; Achieving the existence of a scientific community: the French case in the international dynamic David Dumoulin, Guillaume Ollivier S.A.C. 'Revue d'anthropology des Knowledge' 2013/2 Vol. 7, No 2, pages 365 to 410 Article available online in How can you be systematicist? Building a scientific community: the French case in international dynamics', Review d'anthropology des ConnancesElectronic Distribution Cairn.info for S.A.C. © S.A.C. All rights reserved for all countries. Reproduction or representation of this article, in particular by photocopying, is authorised only within the limits of the general conditions of use of the site or, where applicable, the general terms and conditions of the licence entered into by your establishment. Any other reproduction or representation, in whole or in part, in any form and manner, shall be prohibited unless the publisher has given its prior written consent, except in the cases provided for by the legislation in force in ...

En partant de la confrontation de trois grands cadres théoriques permettant de traiter des processus de transformation des systèmes agri-alimentaires, les théories des transitions socio-techniques, celles de la sociologie pragmatique, et celles des food regimes, cet article formule une proposition qui emprunte à ces différents cadres pour construire une approche systémique, historicisée et ancrée dans la sociologie pragmatique de ces processus. Approche systémique et historicisée, car il s'agit de saisir comment la modification dans le temps des interdépendances entre certains maillons et acteurs des systèmes agri-alimentaires conduisent à ces processus de transition. Ancrée dans la sociologie pragmatique, car nous proposons également de nous intéresser aux controverses opposant divers acteurs revendiquant une transition écologique, ainsi qu'aux processus de changement de pratiques qu'ils mettent éventuellement en oeuvre. En vue de montrer l'intérêt d'une telle proposition, nous appliquons ensuite cette proposition à trois cas d'étude : d'une part, l'analyse du processus d'institutionnalisation de l'agroécologie au Brésil et en France, et d'autre part, celle de la transition agroécologique à l'échelle d'un système agri-alimentaire territorial.

This article contributes to understanding the conditions of social-ecological change by focusing on the agency of individuals in the pathways to institutionalization. Drawing on the case of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), it addresses institutional entrepreneurship in an emerging environmental science-policy institution (ESPI) at a global scale. Drawing on ethnographic observations, semistructured interviews, and document analysis, we propose a detailed chronology of the genesis of the IPBES before focusing on the final phase of the negotiations toward the creation of the institution. We analyze the techniques and skills deployed by the chairman during the conference to handle the tensions at play both to prevent participants from deserting the negotiations arena and to prevent a lack of inclusiveness from discrediting the future institution. We stress that creating a new global environmental institution requires the situated exercise of an art of "having everybody on board" through techniques of inclusiveness that we characterize. Our results emphazise the major challenge of handling the fragmentation and plasticity of the groups of interest involved in the institutionalization process, thus adding to the theory of transformative agency of institutional entrepreneurs. Although inclusiveness might remain partly unattainable, such techniques of inclusiveness appear to be a major condition of the legitimacy and success of the institutionalization of a new global ESPI. Our results also add to the literature on boundary making within ESPIs by emphasizing the multiplicity and plasticity of the groups actually at stake.

In Europe, agroecology has become the center of many debates that animate political and professional arenas, particularly regarding the definition and scope of the concept itself. This paper attempts to understand the ways that the term agroecology is conceptualized by different participantsparticipants and how these concepts circulate so as to explore the interests at stake in the institutionalization of agroecology within the research and education institutions of Europe. We address the core research question of: what dynamics emerge in the networks of European stakeholders of agroecology? By combining different approaches of institutionalization based on network and discourse analysis, we study the dynamics of research, education and training organizations. We identify 10 different concepts of agroecology, distributed among 103 organizations. The significant difference that has been observed between the agroecological concepts in research and those in education/training emphasizes the gap between these two disciplines. The latter support a more political, transdisciplinary and holistic view of agroecology when compared to the former. Moreover, collaboration among European agroecology stakeholders is limited in both research and education/training. We also found that in most cases, collaboration between scholars does not guarantee a shared notion of agroecology, and conversely, sharing the same notion of agroecology does not assure collaboration. This led us to question the feasibility of institutionalizing agroecology and the missing link between a shared vision and the collective mobilization of stakeholders around a strong agroecology programme.

Literature reviews stand as familiar and relevant tools within the research community, as mean to produce a state of knowledge to justify the relevance of a research question. Among the many methods that can be used, systematic approaches are developing in the Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS). These review methodologies employ rigorous techniques in the identification, retrieval, and analysis of data. The overarching objective is to uphold transparency and replicability in research endeavours, elevating the overall quality and credibility of scholarly work in these disciplines. By presenting the two main systematic approaches to literature reviews – Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs) and Scoping Reviews (SRs) –, we intend to clarify their respective objectives and methods, so that interested researchers can make an informed choice between them. We thus show that an SR aims to characterise the extent (or scope) of research on a subject or field, whereas an SLR aims to answer a specific question with a view to guiding practices. We also show the interest of these approaches for the HSS. We use a case study – free or unpaid labour in agriculture – to illustrate the different stages of a systematic approach to a literature review. We begin by justifying the choice of an SR over an SLR, and then test the former's methodology through its various stages. The aim is to provide guidelines for researchers wishing to undertake this type of work. We reflect on this methodology, illustrating its advantages and disadvantages in the light of our experience. We show that systematic approaches to literature reviews are non-linear and time-consuming processes which require constant back-and-forth and reflection between the various stages. Nevertheless, their contributions in helping us understand complex subjects, develop expertise and achieve transparency show that they are suitable approaches for the HSS.

International audience ; This article contributes to understanding the conditions of social-ecological change by focusing on the agency of individuals in the pathways to institutionalization. Drawing on the case of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), it addresses institutional entrepreneurship in an emerging environmental science-policy institution (ESPI) at a global scale. Drawing on ethnographic observations, semistructured interviews, and document analysis, we propose a detailed chronology of the genesis of the IPBES before focusing on the final phase of the negotiations toward the creation of the institution. We analyze the techniques and skills deployed by the chairman during the conference to handle the tensions at play both to prevent participants from deserting the negotiations arena and to prevent a lack of inclusiveness from discrediting the future institution. We stress that creating a new global environmental institution requires the situated exercise of an art of "having everybody on board" through techniques of inclusiveness that we characterize. Our results emphazise the major challenge of handling the fragmentation and plasticity of the groups of interest involved in the institutionalization process, thus adding to the theory of transformative agency of institutional entrepreneurs. Although inclusiveness might remain partly unattainable, such techniques of inclusiveness appear to be a major condition of the legitimacy and success of the institutionalization of a new global ESPI. Our results also add to the literature on boundary making within ESPIs by emphasizing the multiplicity and plasticity of the groups actually at stake.