Suchergebnisse

This paper provides an analysis of what trade unions can offer to reduce the vulnerability of migrant workers to forced labour and human trafficking in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) and Malaysia as a key destination for GMS migrant workers. The exploration of the potential for the engagement of trade union partners is a timely contribution to the forced labour and anti-trafficking debate, given the shift towards a more holistic labour rights approach, and the ensuing search for more actors and partnerships to combat these crimes, which led to adoption of the Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930, (Forced Labour Protocol) in June 2014. Examples from Malaysia and Thailand highlight the role that trade unions can play in policy development and service provision, and also some of the challenges associated with unionisation of a vulnerable, temporary, and often repressed, migrant workforce.

"Risk" and "risk behavior" have become key terms in public health. Largely based on epidemiological categories, risk terminology in public health tends to describe health problems at the individual level. Criticisms of individualized risk discourse include the failure of these concepts of risk to address broader determinants of health. Juxtaposing "expert" and "lay" perceptions of hepatitis C viral infection we discuss the importance of social, political, and economic conditions in shaping perceptions of health and health risks. We use the lived experience of hepatitis C infection as a case study to show how lay epidemiology offers insights into the complex nature of risk and provides evidence for the connections between health problems to their social context. Although accessing and synthesizing lay and expert knowledge require research inputs and theoretical understandings from an array of disciplines and skill sets, collaborative efforts will more effectively investigate the ways in which disease often spreads along the lines of social structure. Multidisciplinary approaches expand traditional epidemiological notions of risk and vulnerability to construct more nuanced descriptions of human behavior and more contextually situated health interventions.

"Risk" and "risk behavior" have become key terms in public health. Largely based on epidemiological categories, risk terminology in public health tends to describe health problems at the individual level. Criticisms of individualized risk discourse include the failure of these concepts of risk to address broader determinants of health. Juxtaposing "expert" and "lay" perceptions of hepatitis C viral infection we discuss the importance of social, political, and economic conditions in shaping perceptions of health and health risks. We use the lived experience of hepatitis C infection as a case study to show how lay epidemiology offers insights into the complex nature of risk and provides evidence for the connections between health problems to their social context. Although accessing and synthesizing lay and expert knowledge require research inputs and theoretical understandings from an array of disciplines and skill sets, collaborative efforts will more effectively investigate the ways in which disease often spreads along the lines of social structure. Multidisciplinary approaches expand traditional epidemiological notions of risk and vulnerability to construct more nuanced descriptions of human behavior and more contextually situated health interventions.

Although adolescents' perspective on the parent‐adolescent relationship uniquely predicts their mental health and wellbeing, there is limited research using qualitative methodologies to explore rich descriptions of adolescents' expectations, attitudes, and beliefs towards parents. The current study qualitatively analyzed adolescent narratives regarding their relationships with their parents. Seventy‐two adolescents (68% female; M age = 16.56) provided three‐minute speech samples that were examined using thematic analysis to understand key themes in adolescent–parent relationships from adolescents' perspectives. Overall, adolescents valued positive relationships with parents (involving emotional support and companionship), respected their authority, and looked to parents to role‐model–valued traits. Mentions of negative interactions were mostly absent or justified as normal. Thus, normative adolescent–parent relationships are largely positive and valued by adolescents.

Background: It is assumed that people who inject drugs (PWID) care little about their health. This emerges from social and moral perceptions of PWID and is framed by research that focuses on their morbidity and mortality. Drawing on the narratives of Australian women who inject drugs, we examined the salience of health for our participants and the contexts that structure their descriptions of health and wellbeing. Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews with 83 women who inject drugs and live with hepatitis C virus (HCV) to explore their experiences of health and health care seeking. Findings: Although the interviews focused on HCV, women discussed their health within broader contexts of drug dependence, unstable housing, unemployment, financial strain, other health issues and relationships. Concern about HCV was less pronounced than concerns about other health problems and socio-economic circumstances. Broadening the focus of health beyond drug use alone, women's narratives strongly suggest that PWID can and do care about their health. Conclusions: Whilst research and policy often focus on health problems and barriers to health amongst PWID, the women in our sample maintained positive health beliefs and behaviours. Much like other members of society, their health priorities are contextualised by cultural, economic and political factors. This suggests that health interventions aimed at women who inject drugs could build upon the salience of a range of health priorities as well as integrating these with structural interventions designed to improve housing and economic status.

Issue addressed: Debate on obesity spans complex health and social issues drawing on varying representations of fat bodies. This paper seeks to determine whether the recent public health focus on social inequalities is reflected in broader policy debate on obesity. Methods: We reviewed public submissions to the 2008 Australian House Standing Committee on Health and Ageing inquiry into obesity. Using a qualitative framing approach we categorised the 95 submissions, analysing a sample of 20 of them, thereby, elucidating attitudes to obesity held by a range of interested stakeholders. Results: Two primary frames and one lesser frame were identified. While it was common for contributors to situate obesity as a problem of individuals, it was equally common for contributors to draw on environmental level arguments where obesity is located in structural forces outside of the individual. The range of attributing factors reflects disagreement as to the causes of obesity, although adherents to both the individual and environmental frames called for more government regulation and financial support. Only two submissions directed policy reform to issues of inequality. Conclusions: Empirically, this study represents a novel investigation of the role of public health ethics in obesity debate and policy. Politically, we highlight the relative lack of explicit attention given to inequality in the debate, even though social inequalities are demonstrably relevant.

Issue addressed: Debate on obesity spans complex health and social issues drawing on varying representations of fat bodies. This paper seeks to determine whether the recent public health focus on social inequalities is reflected in broader policy debate on obesity. Methods: We reviewed public submissions to the 2008 Australian House Standing Committee on Health and Ageing inquiry into obesity. Using a qualitative framing approach we categorised the 95 submissions, analysing a sample of 20 of them, thereby, elucidating attitudes to obesity held by a range of interested stakeholders. Results: Two primary frames and one lesser frame were identified. While it was common for contributors to situate obesity as a problem of individuals, it was equally common for contributors to draw on environmental level arguments where obesity is located in structural forces outside of the individual. The range of attributing factors reflects disagreement as to the causes of obesity, although adherents to both the individual and environmental frames called for more government regulation and financial support. Only two submissions directed policy reform to issues of inequality. Conclusions: Empirically, this study represents a novel investigation of the role of public health ethics in obesity debate and policy. Politically, we highlight the relative lack of explicit attention given to inequality in the debate, even though social inequalities are demonstrably relevant.

Background: It is assumed that people who inject drugs (PWID) care little about their health. This emerges from social and moral perceptions of PWID and is framed by research that focuses on their morbidity and mortality. Drawing on the narratives of Australian women who inject drugs, we examined the salience of health for our participants and the contexts that structure their descriptions of health and wellbeing. Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews with 83 women who inject drugs and live with hepatitis C virus (HCV) to explore their experiences of health and health care seeking. Findings: Although the interviews focused on HCV, women discussed their health within broader contexts of drug dependence, unstable housing, unemployment, financial strain, other health issues and relationships. Concern about HCV was less pronounced than concerns about other health problems and socio-economic circumstances. Broadening the focus of health beyond drug use alone, women's narratives strongly suggest that PWID can and do care about their health. Conclusions: Whilst research and policy often focus on health problems and barriers to health amongst PWID, the women in our sample maintained positive health beliefs and behaviours. Much like other members of society, their health priorities are contextualised by cultural, economic and political factors. This suggests that health interventions aimed at women who inject drugs could build upon the salience of a range of health priorities as well as integrating these with structural interventions designed to improve housing and economic status.

AbstractFamily and domestic violence (FDV) is a major social, economic and health issue that is associated with a range of physical, mental and behavioural health outcomes. Religion and faith are powerful and influential in shaping the lives of many individuals and societies, in addition to the social practices, norms and structures that are significant in understanding and responding to FDV. This study examines the influence of religious beliefs and values on attitudes and beliefs of FDV among culturally diverse faith communities in Australia. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with 64 participants from a range of cultural and religious backgrounds and included faith leaders, community members and FDV sector workers. Overall, findings indicate that tensions exist between expressions of faith and attitudes to women and FDV. Whilst there is general agreement among participants that their faiths did not condone violence, they also identified cultural structures related to their faiths that enabled and ignored abuse against women. Further exploration of these issues within specific faith communities, as well as how to support and engage with these communities in increasing understandings of FDV and developing effective responses, is needed in the Australian context.

Introduction: Elimination of kala-azar is planned for South Asia requiring good surveillance along with other strategies. We assessed surveillance in Gaffargaon upazila (a subdistrict of 13 unions) of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh highly endemic for kala-azar. Methods: In 4703 randomly sampled households, within nine randomly sampled villages, drawn from three randomly sampled unions, we actively searched for kala-azar cases that had occurred between January 2010 and December 2011. We then searched for medical records of these cases in the patient registers of Gaffargaon upazila health complex (UHC). We investigated factors associated with the medical recording by interviewing the cases and their families. We also did a general observation of UHC recording systems and interviewed health staff responsible for the monthly reports of kala-azar cases. Results: Our active case finding detected 58 cases, but 29 were not recorded in the Gaffargaon UHC. Thus, only 50% (95% CI: 37%–63%) of kala-azar cases were reported via the government passive surveillance system. Interviews with health staff based in the study UHC revealed the heavy reporting burden for multiple diseases, variation in staff experience, high demands on the staff time and considerable complexity in the recording system. After adjusting for kala-azar treatment drug, recording was found more likely for those aged 18 years or more, males, receiving supply and administration of drug at the UHC, and more recent treatment. Discussion: Fifty percent of kala-azar cases occurring in one highly endemic area of Bangladesh were recorded in registers that were the source for monthly reports to the national surveillance system. Recording was influenced by patient, treatment, staff and system factors. Our findings have policy implications for the national surveillance system. Future studies involving larger samples and including interviews with health authorities at more central level and surveillance experts at the national level will generate more precise and representative evidence on the performance of kala-azar surveillance in Bangladesh.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Take-home naloxone (THN) programs commenced in Australia in 2012 in the Australian Capital Territory and programs now operate in five Australian jurisdictions. The purpose of this paper is to record the progress of THN programs in Australia, to provide a resource for others wanting to start THN projects, and provide a tool for policy makers and others considering expansion of THN programs in this country and elsewhere. DESIGN AND METHODS: Key stakeholders with principal responsibility for identified THN programs operating in Australia provided descriptions of program development, implementation and characteristics. Short summaries of known THN programs from each jurisdiction are provided along with a table detailing program characteristics and outcomes. RESULTS: Data collected across current Australian THN programs suggest that to date over 2500 Australians at risk of overdose have been trained and provided naloxone. Evaluation data from four programs recorded 146 overdose reversals involving naloxone that was given by THN participants. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Peer drug user groups currently play a central role in the development, delivery and scale-up of THN in Australia. Health professionals who work with people who use illicit opioids are increasingly taking part as alcohol and other drug-related health agencies have recognised the opportunity for THN provision through interactions with their clients. Australia has made rapid progress in removing regulatory barriers to naloxone since the initiation of the first THN program in 2012. However, logistical and economic barriers remain and further work is needed to expand access to this life-saving medication. ; The Canberra THN evaluation was supported by funding from ACT Health. The Perth evaluation was funded by Mental Health Commission of WA (formerly the Drug and Alcohol Office of WA). The Melbourne THN evaluation was funded through the Centre for Research Excellence in Injecting Drug Use [NHMRC ID: GNT1001144] and the Victoria University Out-of-Cycle Collaborative Grants Scheme. Simon Lenton is supported by funding from the Australian Government under the Substance Misuse Prevention and Service Improvement Grants Fund through its core funding of the National Drug Research Institute.

I dette nummer anmeldes følgende: "Islam i europæisk klædedragt (Aminah Tønnesen Echammari)", "Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Family Violence" (Renate Klein (ed.)), "Filmdivaer. Stjernens figur i Hollywoods melodrama 1920-1940" (Bodil Marie Thomson), "Se min kjole. De første kvindelige præsters historie" (Else Marie Wiberg Pedersen (red.)), "Mannlighetens muligheter" (Jørgen Lorentzen), "Lady Hamilton og hendes tid" (Maria Helleberg), "Kvinder on-line" (Britt Sallingboe), "Industrious Children. Work and Childhood in the Nordic Countries 1850-1990" (Ning de Coninck-Smith, Bengt Sandin, Ellen Schrumpf (eds.)), "Rødstrømperne. Den danske Rødstrømpebevægelses udvikling, nytænkning og gennemslag 1970-1985" (Drude Dahlerup), "Fantasien til magten" (Kirsten Hyldgaard), "Kvinder og mænd i dansk universitetsforskning i 1990'erne" (Bertel Ståhle), "Folk og Forskning. Danskernes opfattelse af forskning" (Rapport fra Analyseinstitut for Forskning 1998/1. 54 s.), "Forskning i forskningsmidler. Ansøger til Statens Sundhedsvidenskabelige Forskningsråd" (Rapport fra Analyseinstitut for Forskning 1998/2. 94 s.), "Aviser om forskning. Indholdsanalyse af avisernes omtale af forskning og udviklingsarbejde" (Rapport fra Analyseinstitut for Forskning 1998/3. 70 s.), "Kørekort til Kaos - en samtidshistorie om folkeoplysning" (Tove Bendtsen), "Women in Science and Humanities - the difference that makes the difference" (Isabel Hoving m.fl. (red.))Konferencerapporter: "Har Forskerne brug for de studerende (Helle Reedtz-Funder og Mie Andersen), "Stockholm tur/retur" (Rikke Sanderhoff)