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Abstract.The major stimulus for the extensive, state level, reform of medical malpractice during the past two decades was the widespread belief in amalpractice crisis.The perception of a crisis arose in the 1960s largely because of what was viewed as sudden and dramatic increases in the malpracticeliability of physicians.However, historical data demonstrate that the common perception that physician liability increased suddenly and dramatically beginning in the 1960s Is incorrect. Sincemalpractice reformhas been based upon the false premise that the medical malpractice liability system, previously working smoothly, was in disarray, the soundness of much of the malpractice reform which has occurred in the past two decades is questioned.

This article employs a unique data set from 1993 with 7,063 working men and women from Trinidad and Tobago to examine the impact of ethnicity and socioeconomic status upon marital earnings premiums. It finds a significant marriage premium for both males and females. Ethnicity is found to play a crucial role in marital premiums with more advantaged ethnic groups having generally higher premiums. This result is strengthened when controlling for socioeconomic status, which is found to increase the size of marital premiums for all workers, regardless of gender or ethnicity. Earnings regressions with endogenous marital status confirm these results and further highlight the importance of socioeconomic status.

This article uses 1993 data from the Trinidad and Tobago Continuous Sample Survey of the Population to investigate patterns of remuneration across its public and private sectors. Unlike results from developed countries, the large earnings premium to public sector workers in Trinidad & Tobago appears to be explained more so by differences in returns to characteristics valued by the labor market than by differences in levels of these characteristics. The large public sector earnings premium is also more likely to benefit the most disadvantaged workers in the economy, Africans and women. These two findings highlight the possibility that the government is using its ability to pay its workers differentially in order to offset private sector ethnic and gender discrimination. Hence, the current move towards privatization of nationalized industries in Trinidad and Tobago is likely to have the impact of increasing ethnic and gender earnings inequity.

This study employs 1993 Continuous Sample Survey of the Population data to investigate the determinants of earnings by ethnicity in Trnidad and Tobago. The data reveal lower levels of remuneration in the labour market of Africans and Indians than for individuals of other ethnicities. (DSE/DÜI)