Suchergebnisse

The land -- The warnings -- The conservationists -- The eruption -- The rescues -- The monument -- Decline and renewal -- Epilogue

Noch vor 10.000 Jahren war Japan von Menschen besiedelt, die den Bewohnern Neuguineas und Australiens weitaus mehr ähnelten als denen Chinas. Vor etwa 2300 Jahren kamen Menschen ins Land, die ausgesprochen mongolisch aussahen und die wahrscheinlich koreanischer Herkunft waren. Aus genetischen Untersuchungen geht eindeutig hervor, dass alle Japaner Nachkommen dieser beiden Gruppen und damit Mischlinge sind. Heute ist es möglich, den Werdegang der Menschheit mithilfe der Genetik zu rekonstruieren. Zu welchen Ergebnissen das führt, dokumentiert das neue Buch des amerikanischen Jounralisten Steve Olson. Sein Fazit: In dem Maße, in dem sich der Homo sapiens von Ostafrika aus über den Erdball ausgebreitet hat, hat sich sein äußeres Erscheinungsbild mehr und mehr differenziert. Aber gleichzeitig ist es immer wieder zu einem Genaustausch zwischen den verschiedenen Menschengruppen gekommen. Alle Menschen sind deshalb miteinander verwandt und Mischlinge. Olsons Buch liefert nicht nur einen packenden und leicht verständlichen Forschungsbericht, er führt auch jede Form von Rassismus ad absurdum. (1) (Frank Ufen)

FrontMatter -- Reviewer Acknowledgment -- Contents -- 1 Overview -- 2 Revitalizing K-12 Science and Mathematics Education -- 3 Strengthening Undergraduate Education in Science and Engineering -- 4 Building Effective Partnerships -- 5 Fostering Regional Technology Development and Entrepreneurship -- 6 Final Observations -- Appendix A: Workshop Agenda -- Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Agenda Speakers and Planning Committee Members -- Appendix C: Workshop Participant Roster.

FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Contents -- Acronyms -- 1 Introduction and Overview -- 2 Reflections on the 1993 NRC Report *Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect* -- 3 Recognizing and Assessing Child Maltreatment -- 4 Social Trends and Child Maltreatment Trends -- 5 Causes and Consequences of Child Maltreatment -- 6 Preventing Child Maltreatment -- 7 Design and Delivery of Services -- 8 Systems-Level Issues -- 9 Closing Remarks and Research Opportunities -- Appendix A: References -- Appendix B: Workshop Agenda -- Appendix C: Registered Workshop Attendees -- Appendix D: Background Paper: Major Research Advances Since the Publication of the 1993 NRC Report *Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect*: Highlights from the Literature.

"Every year, public and private funders spend many billions of dollars on large-scale, complex, multi-national health initiatives. The only way to know whether these initiatives are achieving their objectives is through evaluations that examine the links between program activities and desired outcomes. Investments in such evaluations, which, like the initiatives being evaluated, are carried out in some of the world's most challenging settings, are a relatively new phenomenon. In the last five years, evaluations have been conducted to determine the effects of some of the world's largest and most complex multi-national health initiatives. Evaluation Design for Complex Global Initiatives is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine in January 2014 to explore these recent evaluation experiences and to consider the lessons learned from how these evaluations were designed, carried out, and used. The workshop brought together more than 100 evaluators, researchers in the field of evaluation science, staff involved in implementing large-scale health programs, local stakeholders in the countries where the initiatives are carried out, policy makers involved in the initiatives, representatives of donor organizations, and others to derive lessons learned from past large-scale evaluations and to discuss how to apply these lessons to future evaluations. This report discusses transferable insights gained across the spectrum of choosing the evaluator, framing the evaluation, designing the evaluation, gathering and analyzing data, synthesizing findings and recommendations, and communicating key messages. The report also explores the relative benefits and limitations of different quantitative and qualitative approaches within the mixed methods designs used for these complex and costly evaluations"--Publisher's description.

FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Acronyms -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Global Perspective on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis -- 3 Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Russian Federation -- 4 Transmission and Infection Control of Drug-Resistant TB -- 5 Diagnosis of Drug-Resistant TB -- 6 Treatment of Drug-Resistant TB -- 7 TB and Drug-Resistant TB in Vulnerable Populations -- 8 The Second-Line Drug Supply Chain -- 9 The Development of New TB Diagnostics and Drugs -- 10 Convergence of Science and Policy to Create a Call for Action -- References -- Appendix A: Agenda -- Appendix B: Summary of a Meeting of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Held May 24-25, 2010, Moscow, Russian Federation -- Appendix C: Participant Biographies.

The high rate of incarceration in the United States contributes significantly to the nation's health inequities, extending beyond those who are imprisoned to families, communities, and the entire society. Since the 1970s, there has been a seven-fold increase in incarceration. This increase and the effects of the post-incarceration reentry disproportionately affect low-income families and communities of color. It is critical to examine the criminal justice system through a new lens and explore opportunities for meaningful improvements that will promote health equity in the United States. The National Academies convened a workshop on June 6, 2018 to investigate the connection between incarceration and health inequities to better understand the distributive impact of incarceration on low-income families and communities of color. Topics of discussion focused on the experience of incarceration and reentry, mass incarceration as a public health issue, women's health in jails and prisons, the effects of reentry on the individual and the community, and promising practices and models for reentry. The programs and models that are described in this publication are all Philadelphia-based because Philadelphia has one of the highest rates of incarceration of any major American city. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop.

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Contents -- Boxes and Figures -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Built Environment, Obesity, and Health -- 3 Examples from Communities and Cities -- 4 Achieving Equitable Healthy Environments -- 5 Considerations and Potential Opportunities for Communities and Organizations -- References -- Appendix A: Workshop Agenda -- Appendix B: Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Appendix C: Speaker and Facilitator Biographies.

"Being able to communicate is a cornerstone of healthy aging. People need to make themselves understood and to understand others to remain cognitively and socially engaged with families, friends, and other individuals. When they are unable to communicate, people with hearing impairments can become socially isolated, and social isolation can be an important driver of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Despite the critical importance of communication, many older adults have hearing loss that interferes with their social interactions and enjoyment of life. People may turn up the volume on their televisions or stereos, miss words in a conversation, go to fewer public places where it is difficult to hear, or worry about missing an alarm or notification. In other cases, hearing loss is much more severe, and people may retreat into a hard-to-reach shell. Yet fewer than one in seven older Americans with hearing loss use hearing aids, despite rapidly advancing technologies and innovative approaches to hearing health care. In addition, there may not be an adequate number of professionals trained to address the growing need for hearing health care for older adults. Further, Medicare does not cover routine hearing exams, hearing aids, or exams for fitting hearing aids, which can be prohibitively expensive for many older adults. Hearing Loss and Healthy Aging is the summary of a workshop convened by the Forum on Aging, Disability, and Independence in January 2014 on age-related hearing loss. Researchers, advocates, policy makers, entrepreneurs, regulators, and others discussed this pressing social and public health issue. This report examines the ways in which age-related hearing loss affects healthy aging, and how the spectrum of public and private stakeholders can work together to address hearing loss in older adults as a public health issue."--Publisher's description.

"Financing Long-Term Services and Supports for Individuals with Disabilities and Older Adults is the summary of a workshop convened in June 2013 by the Forum on Aging, Disability, and Independence of the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council to examine the financing of long-term services and supports for working-age individuals with disabilities and among individuals who are developing disabilities as they age. The workshop covered both older adults who acquire disabilities and younger adults with disabilities who may acquire additional impairments as they age, the target population of the Forum's work. The challenges associated with financing long-term services and supports for people with disabilities impacts all age groups. While there are important differences between the characteristics of programs developed for different age groups, and specific populations may have different needs, this workshop addressed the financing sources for long-term services and supports in general, noting specific differences as appropriate. The financing of long-term services and supports has become a major issue in the United States. These are the services and supports that individuals with disabilities, chronic conditions, and functional impairments need in order to live independently, such as assistance with eating, bathing, and dressing. Long-term services and supports do not include the medical or nursing services required to manage health conditions that may be responsible for a disabling condition. At least 11 million adults ages 18 and over receive long-term services and supports. Only a little more than half of them - 57 percent - are ages 65 or older. One study found that about 6 percent of people turning 65 in 2005 could expect to have expenses of more than 100,000 dollars for long-term services and supports. Financing Long-Term Services and Supports for Individuals with Disabilities and Older Adults discusses the scope and trends of current sources of financing for long-term services and supports for working-age individuals with disabilities and older adults aging into disability, including income supports and personal savings. This report considers the role of families, business, and government in financing long-term services and supports and discusses implications of and opportunities for current and innovative approaches."--Publisher's description.