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This Open Access book addresses the need to think about well-being data: how well-being is understood and the ways evidence is ostensibly used to improve society. Well-being data is pivotal in decisions that affect our life chances, livelihoods and quality of life. It is increasingly valuable to companies with their eyes on profit, organisations looking to make a social impact, and governments focussed on societal problems. 'Following the data' is a now-familiar phrase in Covid-19 policy communications. This book follows well-being data back centuries, showing it has long been used to track the health and wealth of society. It questions assumptions that have underpinned over 200 years of social science, statistical and policy work. Understanding Well-being Data is a readable, introductory book with real-life examples. It offers practitioners an accessible view 'under-the-bonnet' of data collection, analyses and uses to see how they actually operate and what they enact. Understanding the contexts of data and decision-making are critical for policy, practice and research that aims to do good, or at least avoid harm. While the limitations of well-being data remain unaddressed, its positive contribution for society can never be fully realised. Through its comprehensive survey and critical lens, this book provides tools to promote better understanding of the power and potential of well-being data, and the limits of their application.

AbstrakNegara kesejahteraan (welfare state) dianggap sebagai jawaban yang paling tepat atas bentuk keterlibatan negara dalam memajukan kesejahteraan rakyat. Keyakinan ini diperkuat oleh munculnya kenyataan empiris mengenai kegagalan pasar (market failure) dan kegagalan negara (state failure) dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat. Menurut Goodin (1999; dalam Simarmata, 2008: 19) negara kesejahteraan sering diasosiasikan dengan proses distribusi sumber daya yang ada kepada publik, baik secara tunai maupun dalam bentuk tertentu (cash benefits or benefits in kind). Konsep kesejahteraan juga terkait erat dengan kebijakan sosial-ekonomi yang berupaya untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan rakyat secara umum. Beberapa bidang yang paling mendesak untuk diperhatikan dalam kebijakan kesejahteraan adalah masalah pendidikan, kesehatan dan penyediaan lapangan kerja. Secara umum suatu negara bisa digolongkan sebagai negara kesejahteraan jika mempunyai empat pilar utamanya, yaitu: (1) social citizenship; (2) full democracy; (3) modern industrial relation systems; dan (4) rights to education and the expansion of modern mass educations systemsKata kunci : negara kesejahteraan, kegagalan pasar, kegagalan negara AbstractWelfare state is considered as the most appropriate response on the form of state involvement in advancing the welfare of the people. This belief was reinforced by the emergence of empirical facts about the failure of the market (market failure) and the failure of the state (state failure) in improving people's welfare. According to Goodin (1999; in Simarmata, 2008: 19) the welfare state is often associated with the distribution of existing resources to the public, either in cash or in the form of certain (cash benefits or benefits in kind). The concept of well-being are closely linked to socio-economic policy of working to realize the people's welfare in general. Some of the most urgent areas for attention in welfare policy is a matter of education, health and employment. In general, a country can be classified as a welfare state if it has four main pillars, namely: (1) social citizenship; (2) full democracy; (3) modern industrial relations systems; and (4) the rights to education and the expansion of modern mass Educations systems.Keywords : market failure, state failure, welfare state

Government financial reform in Indonesia is still in progress. Indonesian Government financial reform run since the issuance of the State Finance Act. 17 of 2003 on Government Finance, by changing the pattern of financial management of the State, to apply the accrual basis, formulate a new financial statement and run the reforms until now. The results are, there has been reporting on the basis of an accounting basis, known as cash toward accrual basis. Not yet completed the transition process toward cash accrual, the Indonesian government has set a target to apply the accrual basis. The method of analysis in this paper is a review of the theoretical formulation in the format of financial reports of government finance in Indonesia. The analysis compares the format of accrual based financial statements, and government accounting practices internationally with the format of financial statements in Indonesia. Theoretical review shows in Indonesia adopts the format of financial reporting and format of budgetary point of view. Budget report indicated with the presence of Actual Budget Report and Budget Balance report, while the accounting report indicated the transformation of private into the Financial Statements Financial Statements of the Government. The transformation was marked by a financial statement balance sheet, operating statement, statement of changes in equity, cash flow statement and notes to financial statements. In the future requires the development of accounting theory of government in Indonesia, as an attempt to provide a foundation for the development of governmental accounting Indonesia.

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengakuan, pengukuran, pengungkapan di dalam basis Cash Toward Accrual (CTA) sesuaidengan PP 24 Tahun 2005 dan dalam basis Accrual sesuai dengan PP 71 Tahun 2010. Penelitian ini berusaha mengetahui perbedaan mendasar dalam hal pengakuan, pengukuran, pengungkapan antara basis CTA dan basis Accrual. Selain itu, untuk mengetahu konversi LKPD di Pemerintah Kota Cirebon (Pemkot) sesuai SAP.Penelitian ini dilakukan pada LKPD periode 2008 dan 2009 yang telah diaudit. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji artikulasi, persamaan akuntansi, dan konversi LKPD sesuai basis akrual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan dalam hal pengakuan, pengukuran, dan pengungkapan pada SAP basis CTA dan SAP basis akrual. LKPD berbasis CTA setelah dikonversi sesuai SAP basis accrual belum sesuai, karena jumlah nominal Ekuitas Akhir pada LPE tidak sama dengan jumlah nominal Ekuitas Akhir pada Neraca, sehingga penyusunan LO, LPE, dan Neraca pada Pemkot Cirebon belum mempunyai artikulasi yang tepat. Kata kunci: kas menuju akrual, akrual, artikulasi, persamaan akuntansi, konversi ABSTRACT This research aimed to know recognition, measurement, and disclosure in the regime of Cash Toward Accrual (CTA) basis according to Government Regulation (GR) 24 Year 2005 and accrual basis according to GR 71 Year 2010. This research endeavours to know the ultimate differences between CTA and Accrual basis. In addition, this research to determine the conversion LKPD in Cirebon City Government in accordance with SAP. The research was conducted in audited LKPD year 2008 and 2009. This study uses tests of articulation, accounting equation, and the conversion LKPD appropriate accrual basis. The results showed differences in terms of recognition, measurement, and disclosure in the SAP database and SAP CTA accrual basis. LKPD after conversion according to CTA-based SAP has not been appropriate accrual basis, because the nominal amount of equity at the end of LPE is not equal to a nominal amount on ending the Balance Sheet Equity ...

This quantitative study investigates what current service members' spouses identify as risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation, for themselves and for other military spouses. Online surveys were used to obtain demographic information, place of residence, impact of deployment, and identify risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation for military spouses. Respondents (n=55) were military spouses, recruited through Facebook "Military Spouse" pages. Findings identified immediate family, peers, and resilience as protective factors for suicidal ideation in themselves and legal issues, financial issues, and thoughts of ending ones' own life as risk factors in other military spouses. Respondents were more likely to identify risk factors for suicidal ideation for other military spouses and protective factors for suicidal ideation for themselves. Implications for practice and research are provided.

Halogenated alkanes may have potentially human health effect as a result of their persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity after their release from environment into the food chain and water products. It is leading to increase attention for legislation aimed at prevention and great pressure to reduce the production and emission rate of halogenated alkanes. Besides many research efforts to understand the fate and (eco)toxicological effects of the halogenated alkanes. Several investigators have used animal in vivo in conventional toxicity studies of halogenated alkanes. Nevertheless, experimental by using animal testing is always time and resource demanding. Thus, it is not deemed suitable for screening of large number of potential toxicants. The main objective of this work was to investigate the comparability of yeast resazurin assay versus MTT assay for determining in vitro acute toxicity (EC50) of halogenated alkanes. The MTT assay was conducted using Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO cell), whilst yeast strains were used in yeast resazurin assay. The study demonstrates a comparability result to which halogenated alkanes is more toxic to CHO cell than to yeast cell.

Greening the economy is high on the political agenda. As early as 2015, the Paris Agreement set ambitious targets to combat climate change. Efforts have since become broader and are now aimed at promoting sustainable development in general, as set out in the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The financial sector is expected to play an important role in the upcoming transition towards a more sustainable economy. Therefore, policy makers in different parts of the world are developing "sustainable finance" programs. The EU Commission has just released a renewed sustainable finance strategy. This issue of CESifo Forum explores why sustainable finance programs may be necessary and takes a closer look at investor and corporate behavior. The authors assess how important the objective of sustainability has been so far and examine how it affects the decisions of companies and those of their peers. They also propose measures to render the corporate sector more sustainable.

This study is a survey on Credit Union (CU) Cikal Mas Purwokerto and Baitut Tamwil Muhammadiyah (BTM) Dana Mentari Patikraja members in Banyumas. The aims of this study are to determine: (1) The differences of financial literacy levels between CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto and BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja members at the three aspects i.e. behaviors, knowledge and attitudes, (2) The level of sharia aspects knowledge of BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja members, (3) The implementation of interest system of CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto, and (4) The implementation of profit sharing system of BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja.The population in this study are individuals in Banyumas who grouped into two groups, i.e. the members of Credit Union Cikal Mas Purwokerto and the members of Baitut Tamwil Muhammadiyah Dana Mentari Patikraja. There were 60 respondents taken in this study which consisted of 30 respondents for each group. Based on the research and analysis of data using different test Mann Whitney U showed that: (1) There are differences between the financial literacy levels of CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto members and BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja members viewed from three aspects: behaviors, knowledge and attitudes, (2) The level of sharia aspects knowledge of BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja members are relatively low, (3) The implementation of interest system in CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto as according to the theory that the loan interest relatively smaller than the saving interest, it known based on interview with managers of CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto, and (4) The implementation of profit sharing system in BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja as according to the theory used by Islamic financial institutions that profit sharing agreement to both parties when the contract is underway.Keywords: Baitut Tamwil, Credit Union, Financial Education, Financial Literacy, Mann Whitney U – test

"First published in one volume, May 1898." ; I. A.D. 378-1278--II. 1278-1485. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 2

Citation: Oman, Harry G. F. Dips and their uses. Senior thesis, Kansas State Agricultural College, 1907. ; Morse Department of Special Collections ; Introduction: It has been said that nine farmers out of every ten treat their live-stock exactly as they treat themselves; that is to say when they feel out of sorts they take a dose of physic and if that does not help they go to the doctor and learn when it is too late, that they have a serious disease which might have been prevented with a little caution, or cured if attended to earlier. There is a tendency to underestimate the economic importance of external parasites and parasitic diseases, especially those parasites that do not cause scabby formations on the skin as the injurious effect produced by them is not always recognized as being parasitic in origin. The animal apparently is in a healthy condition but they do not do well, the irritation and annoyance caused by the parasites prevent them from making a vigorous growth, which reduces their constitution and makes them more liable to disease. Animals that are weak and out of condition invite disease germs and in this way a herd may become infected with a serious disease. Much of the enormous loss to breeders and stockmen caused by parasites and diseases can be prevented, stopped and cured by the farmers themselves. That the parasites and diseases have developed to the extent that they now have is due large to the carlesness of the stockmen and to the lax government regulations, as they can easily be prevented or extirminated if proper precautions are taken and the proper measures observed in affecting the cure.

Abstrak Artikel ini membahas analisis biaya dan manfaat dari Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) untuk ekspor udang putih (Litopenaeus vannamei) dan udang windu (Penaeus monodon) dari Indonesia. Penerapan MSC pada produk perikanan memang tidak wajib, tetapi dapat mempengaruhi kinerja eskpor Indonesia. Perhitungan analisa biaya dan manfaat untuk proyek MSC menggunakan beberapa pilihan yang dihitung ke dalam empat komponen analysis yang terpisah (Proyek, Privat, Efisiensi, dan kelompok penerima manfaat). Dengan menggunakan data tahun 2018 dan jangka waktu investasi selama 20 tahun, kajian ini membandingkan hasil investasi yang menerapkan standard MSC dengan hasil investasi yang tidak menerapkan standard MSC dengan mempertimbangkan hambatan dari biaya perdagangan internasional. Secara keselurahan, studi ini menunjukkan bahwa the Net Present Values (NPVs) and Internal Rate of Returns (IRRs) bersifat konsisten untuk semua pilihan analysis. Studi ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil dari analisis pasar, Amerika Serikat adalah pasar yang menjanjikan bagi produk udang Indonesia yang berlabelkan MSC. Pemerintah Indonesia akan menikmati 13% kenaikan pendapatan dari pajak keuntungan bisnis tersebut, meskipun proyek ini tidak memberikan dampak perubahan kepada tenaga kerja tidak terampil. Oleh karena itu, studi ini merekomendasikan pemerintah Indonesia untuk mempromosikan program MSC untuk perikanan berkelanjutan, terutama bagi peningkatan kinerja eskpor udang Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Kebijakan Perdagangan, Perikanan Tangkap, Keberlanjutan, Cost-Benefit Analysis Abstract This paper discusses the cost and benefits analysis of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) for Indonesia's exports of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon). The MSC adoption is voluntary, but it is likely to affect the performance of Indonesia's exports. We use several options applied separately in four components analysis in performing the social cost and benefit analysis (Project, Private, Efficiency, and Referral Group). Using the 2018 data and a 20-year investment period, this study compares the investment results applying the MSC standard with the results without investing in the MSC procedures concerning the trade cost barriers. Overall, the results reveal that the Net Present Values (NPVs) and Internal Rate of Returns (IRRs) are consistent for all options in all feasibility component analyses. It concludes that based on market analysis, the US market is the promising market as a primary export destination for Indonesian shrimp products with MSC label. The government will benefit by 13% from profit taxes, while this project does not affect unskilled labor benefits. Therefore, it recommends that the Indonesian government take more action to promote the MSC program for sustainable fisheries and boost shrimp export performance. Keywords: Trade Policy, Capture Fisheries, Sustainability, Cost-Benefit Analysis JEL Classification: F13, Q22, Q56, H43

Local Governments are expected to provide relevant information related to their finance and performance to the public through the media that is easily accessible in order to meet the principles of accountability and transparency. The financial information through internet is called IFR (Internet Financial Reporting) which is a combination between the internet multimedia capability and capacity to communicate the financial information interactively. The objective of this study is to empirically examine determinants of internet financial reporting by local government in Indonesia. This study uses five variables there are Political Competition, Size, Dependency, Wealth and Type of Local Government. The sample in this study selected with purposive sampling. Total sample in this study are 130 local governments which contain 97 regency (74,6%) and 33 municipal (25,4%). Analysis method used in this study is multiple liner regression. The result shows that political competition, size and wealth of local government have a positive influence to the internet financial reporting in Indonesia. Two other variables, dependency and type of local government do not significantly affect to the internet financial reporting in Indonesian local goverments.

This research purposes to obtain empirical evidence about the impact of performance-based budgeting on managerial practices of local government such as goal clarity, budget adequacy, budget flexibility, budget participation, procedure formalization, and support from higher management towards programme performance of local government.Respondents of this research are officials in Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) Banyumas Regency who participated on forming budgets and programs in SKPD. This research uses primary data derived from questionnaires. There were 94 respondents participated in this research. Then, data was processed and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.The results show that managerial practice of local government such as goal clarity, budget adequacy, budget flexibility, budget participation, procedure formalization, and support from higher management overall has a significant positive effect toward programme performance of local government. Then, goal clarity, budget adequacy, and support from higher management partially has a significant positive effect towards programme performance, and budget participation, budget flexibility, and procedure formalization partially has negative and not significant impact on programme performance of local government. Keywords: performance-based budgeting, managerial practices, program performance, local government

English and/or French. ; [1] The case on behalf of the government of His Britannic Majesty and of His Highness the Sultan of Muscat.--[2] The counter-case on behalf of the government of His Britannic Majesty.--[3] Argument on behalf of the government of His Britannic Majesty. ; Mode of access: Internet.

First published in one volume, 1898. ; Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ; I. A.D.378-1278 -- II. 1278-1485. ; Mode of access: Internet.