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Intro -- Contents -- A decade of Boko Haram activities: the attacks, responses and challenges ahead -- Introduction -- Where does Boko Haram belong? -- Spiral of violence: incidents, fatalities (death) and injuries -- Government response -- Special issue: specific findings and concluding argument -- References -- Correction to: A decade of Boko Haram activities: the attacks, responses and challenges ahead -- Correction to: Security Journal https​:doi.org10.1057s4128​4-020-00231​-9 -- A decade of terror: revisiting Nigeria's interminable Boko Haram insurgency -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Revisiting Boko Haram's decade of terror (2009-2019) -- The Al-Qaeda, AQIM, and the ISWAP factor -- A poorly motivated, underfunded, and under-equipped military -- Conclusion -- References -- Boko Haram insurgency: a decade of dynamic evolution and struggle for a caliphate -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodological issues -- Terrorist organisations: the territorial and de-territorial debates -- Boko Haram: does territory matter? -- The Kannama village under Mallam Yusuf Mohammed -- The Gwoza Caliphate under Abubakar Shekau -- The Caliphate of West Africa Province under Abu Musab al-Barnawi -- A reality or myth: the Islamic Caliphate agenda in West Africa -- Government response -- Conclusion -- References -- Counterinsurgency operations of the Nigerian military and Boko Haram insurgency: expounding the viscid manacle -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Counterinsurgency operations: a theoretical discourse -- Methodology -- Budgetary provisions and expenditure for security and defence in Nigeria -- Deficit in the military-led counterinsurgency -- Strategic level of counterinsurgency operations -- Operational level of counterinsurgency -- Tactical level of counterinsurgency operations -- Conclusion -- References.

Earlier studies on job insecurity tested job resources that may buffer the usual negative impact of job insecurity on job outcomes. The current study extends prior results by establishing that, given certain conditions, such as during an economic crisis that often gives rise to a dearth of employment opportunities and a precariousness of employment, perceived job insecurity could positively predict work engagement. Specifically, this study examined the relationship between perceived job insecurity and work engagement, and supervisor and customer incivility as moderators of this relationship. Cross-sectional data were collected from 1,200 volunteer mini-bus drivers from nine mass transit services companies in the Southeastern region of Nigeria. Results of a structural equation model (SEM) showed that job insecurity was positively related to work engagement. In turn, this positive relationship was weakened by supervisor incivility (but not by customer incivility). The results suggest that when supervisors are not supervised they could jeopardize employee effort.

PurposeDuring the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic lockdowns, stay at home or work from home, many have argued that the westernised non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) do not provide remedial in low-income countries like Nigeria, where informal job seekers, street traders, informal labourers and artisans depend mainly on the informal economy. By applying social solidarity (SS) and community-based approach (CBA), the authors evaluate individual acts (trust, altruism and reciprocity) during the lockdown and how these practices evolve from individual approaches to collective actions.Design/methodology/approachThis study reflects on pragmatism research paradigm that enables researchers to maintain both subjectivity in their reflections and objectivity in data collection and analysis. The authors adopt a qualitative method through purposeful and convenience sampling procedure. Data were analysed thematically to identify elements of SS, individual acts, collective or community actions and perceptions.FindingsThe findings reveal that COVID-19 had a disproportionate impact (lack of food and a fall in daily income) on workers, informal job seekers, informal businesses operators and the poor households. As such, the study developed a reflective model of solidarity exhibited by individual acts and collective acts (practices of resource pooling, information sharing, women empowerment, distribution of palliatives and donations) within trusted circles that helped people cope with the lockdown experiences.Practical implicationsSolidarity represents beliefs, practices of values and norms. The SS exhibited by people through NPI would have implications on planning and monitoring the effectiveness of public health programmes during a pandemic in the future.Social implicationsThe findings of citizens and community actions have implications related to the process of building communities – coming together – and solidarity that enhances social development with implications on community health policy agenda during disasters, emergencies and health pandemic.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to analyse the relationship between trust, altruism, reciprocity, SS and CBA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, it seems reasonable to clarify the concept of SS given the lack of clarity about the definitions from previous studies.

People cooperate every day in ways that range from largescale contributions that mitigate climate change to simple actions such as leaving another individual with choice - known as social mindfulness. It is not yet clear whether and how these complex and more simple forms of cooperation relate. Prior work has found that countries with individuals who made more socially mindful choices were linked to a higher country environmental performance - a proxy for complex cooperation. Here we replicated this initial finding in 41 samples around the world, demonstrating the robustness of the association between social mindfulness and environmental performance, and substantially built on it to show this relationship extended to a wide range of complex cooperative indices, tied closely to many current societal issues. We found that greater social mindfulness expressed by an individual was related to living in countries with more social capital, more community participation and reduced prejudice towards immigrants. Our findings speak to the symbiotic relationship between simple and more complex forms of cooperation in societies.