Suchergebnisse

This deliverable outlines the new Protocol for Science Diplomacy presented in a policy brief which inspires the alignment of shared, cosmopolitan interests and their application to cross-border societal challenges. It comprises a set of twelve procedural and infrastructural principles with which actors can create a space for constructive and productive science diplomacy interactions. These principles are: Sensitivity; Inclusiveness; Transparency; Deliberation; Reciprocity; Complementarity & Manoeuvrability; Legitimacy; Alignment; Evaluation; Capacities; Capabilities; Trust. Our Protocol for Science Diplomacy sets new ground rules for international scientific and policy collaboration that enable us, inter alia, to make meaningful steps towards tackling the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by their 2030 deadline. As such, it offers a roadmap for science diplomacy in the next decade and beyond.

Grand societal challenges require collective action within and across national borders. Effective action is expected from Europe and it requires targeted inter-governmental and diplomatic efforts and the mobilization of appropriate scientific knowledge. Science Diplomacy is a promising mechanism to address these grand societal challenges. We understand science diplomacy generally as collaborations between stakeholders from science, policy and diplomacy, which involve various governmental or diplomatic organizations as well as non-governmental scientific organizations. The complexity arising from the existing variety of mechanisms and stakeholders precludes a clear-cut definition of who should 'do' science diplomacy in what way. And many stakeholders that could be labelled 'science diplomacy organization' would not do so themselves. This presents challenges for organizing the governance of science diplomacy. We suggest here that governing mechanisms for science diplomacy in Europe must observe four premises to be effective. These premises include (a) grand societal challenges require both diplomatic efforts and science-based knowledge, (b) science-based knowledge production is diverse and evolving, (c) diplomacy means reconciling a variety of interests, and (d) Science Diplomacy requires combined science and diplomacy literacy. These premises set the stage for the development of governance mechanisms for Science Diplomacy. Taken seriously, they lead to governance practices that do not pre-define what Science Diplomacy is, but give interested stakeholders the guidance they need to develop effective Science Diplomacy mechanisms themselves. This will be presented in a later policy recommendation brief.

Purpose
How to derive policy implications from five future scenarios of transformed research and innovation (R&I) systems? This paper analyzes methodological and content issues of five future scenarios of transformed R&I systems. The aim of this paper is to provide an outlook on strategic policies capable of facilitating or moderating these transformative changes in R&I practices is discussed in light of overarching intentions to foster "responsible" ambitions (in Europe and beyond, discussed as responsible research and innovation, RRI).


Design/methodology/approach
The paper elaborates a four-step methodology to assess the scenario's policy implications: first, by articulating the scenario implications for six core dimensions of R&I systems; second, an RRI assessment framework is developed to assess in each scenario opportunities and limitations for transforming R&I systems towards responsibility goals; the third involves a cross-scenario analysis of similarities and differences between the scenarios, allowing the identification of robust policy options that make sense in more than one scenario. The last analytical step includes again the richness of the individual scenario assessments aiming to provide a broader outlook on transformative policy orientations.


Findings
The paper concludes with outlining the contours of a future-responsible R&I system together with some suggestions for transformative policy orientations that aim to govern the R&I system towards such a future, as a source of inspiration and reflection.


Research limitations/implications
The analysis is based on five future scenarios that do not systematically cover future developments external to the R&I system.


Practical Implications
An outlook of strategic policies capable of facilitating or moderating these transformative changes in R&I practices is discussed in light of the overarching European Union goal of encouraging the performance of RRI.


Originality/value
This paper provides inspirational anticipatory strategic intelligence for fostering the responsible ambitions of research with and for society.

How to derive policy implications from five future scenarios of transformed research and innovation (R&I) systems? This paper analyzes methodological and content issues of five future scenarios of transformed R&I systems. The aim of this paper is to provide an outlook on strategic policies capable of facilitating or moderating these transformative changes in R&I practices is discussed in light of overarching intentions to foster "responsible" ambitions (in Europe and beyond, discussed as responsible research and innovation, RRI). Design/methodology/approach: The paper elaborates a four-step methodology to assess the scenario's policy implications: first, by articulating the scenario implications for six core dimensions of R&I systems; second, an RRI assessment framework is developed to assess in each scenario opportunities and limitations for transforming R&I systems towards responsibility goals; the third involves a cross-scenario analysis of similarities and differences between the scenarios, allowing the identification of robust policy options that make sense in more than one scenario. The last analytical step includes again the richness of the individual scenario assessments aiming to provide a broader outlook on transformative policy orientations. Findings: The paper concludes with outlining the contours of a future-responsible R&I system together with some suggestions for transformative policy orientations that aim to govern the R&I system towards such a future, as a source of inspiration and reflection. Research limitations/implications: The analysis is based on five future scenarios that do not systematically cover future developments external to the R&I system. Practical Implications: An outlook of strategic policies capable of facilitating or moderating these transformative changes in R&I practices is discussed in light of the overarching European Union goal of encouraging the performance of RRI. Originality/value: This paper provides inspirational anticipatory strategic intelligence for fostering the responsible ambitions of research with and for society.

AbstractWe explore the strategies implemented by Research Groups' Leaders while coping with unstable contexts, characterized by incoherence and lack of coordination among different policy discourses and instruments, and scarce resources. We focus on a country where these conditions are present: Colombia. In doing so, we study two cases, one in nanotechnology and another one in biomedical engineering. Interviews, focus groups and workshops allowed us to identify and validate strategies grouped in four popular sayings, proper to local idiosyncrasy, highlighting the role of home institutions and principal investigators in facing such situations with resilience and resourcefulness, and even taking advantage of them. We find that Research Groups' Leaders use strategies such as: adapting, balancing agendas and funding sources, networking, and taking advantage of the support programs available at their home institution to continue functioning. These are setting the ground for a further survey which could pretend some generalization. However, policymakers could consider these findings when defining policy instruments or for assessing their effectiveness or impacts.

AbstractInternational research collaboration (IRC) is associated with both positive and negative effects on the performance of research in emerging economies. While some authors claim that North–South collaborations improve scientific quality and visibility for Southern countries, others claim that it may entail the reorientation of research to comply with Northern agendas. South–South collaborations are thought to increase the focus on local affairs, therefore leading to a relatively small number of scientific international publications appearing in "high quality" journals. Research on the impact of IRC beyond publications in international journals has been neglected despite the importance of other products in knowledge creation. This research uses a broad range of scientific outputs to empirically assess such assumptions and explore the outcomes of IRC in Colombia. Results from multivariate regressions and nonparametric analyses show that, contrary to common assumptions, Colombian research teams collaborating with partners from the global South report higher scientific production, while those collaborating with Northern countries seem to contribute to local knowledge the most.

Intro -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Science, Technology, and Innovation Governance for Social Inclusion and Sustainable Development in Latin America -- 1.1 Introduction -- References -- Part I Cases on STI Capacities for Inclusion and Sustainable Development -- 2 Relevance of Science, Technology and Innovation Diplomacy for STI Capacity Building in Central America: The Cases of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 STI Context in Central America -- 2.2.1 STI Context in Guatemala -- 2.2.2 STI Context in El Salvador -- 2.2.3 STI Context in Honduras -- 2.3 Methodology -- 2.4 Relevance of STI Diplomacy for STI Capacity Building in Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras from the perspective of their Research Communities -- 2.4.1 Relevance of STI Diplomacy to the Governments -- 2.4.2 Relevance of STI Diplomacy to the Academic Sector and the Scientific Communities -- 2.4.3 Relevance of STI Diplomacy at the Firm Level (Private Sector) -- 2.4.4 Relevance of STI Diplomacy to Social Movements and Organized Civil Societies -- 2.5 Case study: Appointment of the Knowledge Transfer and Education, Science and Technology Officer in the Guatemala Diplomatic Mission in the Republic of Korea -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Transdisciplinary Citizen Science Connects Caribbean Hope Spots of Colombia to Improve Coral Reefs Governance -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Methodologies -- 3.3 Case Studies -- 3.3.1 Corales Del Rosario Park -- 3.3.2 Varadero Coral Reef Hope Spot -- 3.3.3 Hope Spot Capurganá-Cabo Tiburón Coral Reef -- 3.3.4 Comparison to Identify Probable Climate Change Refugia -- 3.4 Discussion -- 3.5 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- 4 Community-Based Innovation Ecosystems in Peace-Building and Resilience Contexts -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Conceptual and Theoretical Framework.

El presente libro aporta al campo de los estudios sociales de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación, mediante el análisis comparado de los Planes de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación (PCTI), tratando de superar el enfoque dominante que privilegia los casos nacionales independientes que ha limitado el debate académico. Considera tanto estudios sobre las dinámicas de su institucionalización, el papel de los diversos actores, las contribuciones del campo a la concepción de las políticas y los desafíos que se presentan a las PCTI para responder a los imperativos de democratización, inclusión y sustentabilidad.