Suchergebnisse

Kurdish studies are generally defined and conducted according to a topic or geographic location, namely, within the Middle East. Research procedures used to handle different issues as well as develop concepts and hypotheses have become important, since most of the current theories lack practical approaches when conducting studies on the Kurds. Relying on specific examples, published sources as well as the author's personal fieldwork and insights, the article establishes a critique of bias, problems and solutions in research goals and methodologies in the field of Kurdish studies. The article underlines the importance of problem-oriented research, notably addressing the questions who, where, when, how and why. Furthermore, it shows the way in which the personality of the researcher, as well as the fluctuations and constraints encountered during the fieldwork, influence the methodology. Finally, it emphasises the practical and theoretical challenges dealt with by the researcher due to the political aspect of the Kurdish question, which encompasses orientalist, imperial, or national interests.

AbstractWhat is the relationship between social, historical, and political dynamics and gender in the use of violence? This research uses the Kurdish conflict to examine this question. On the basis of empirical examples about Kurdish women, it focuses on ethnic identity, patriarchy, social class, generation, and politicization within their historical and spatial variations. It argues that gender dynamics do not operate alone but intersect in many ways with these dynamics to influence political violence. It concludes that the way these dynamics engage with each other depends on the subjectivation process taking place within a historically contingent horizon.

Virtuality in organizations has usually been treated as a characteristic that is observed either at a team or organizational level. However, the penetration of new technologies into our lives has transformed the entire design of organizations and teams. Not only has the design of teams and organizations changed, but the context and design of our jobs have also been impacted. Today, even employees in traditional team settings use electronic communication tools to work with multiple dispersed contacts outside of their teams and organizations, such as colleagues, clients or suppliers, who do not share the same geographical location. With all of these changes, virtuality can no longer be considered as a concept that is exclusive to virtual team members. In today's organizations, to some extent, everyone's tasks involve non-face-to-face contacts, irrespective of team virtuality. It therefore becomes crucial to identify the task virtuality phenomenon in organizations. With this paper, the example of Yahoo! is used as a case study to illustrate how task virtuality can be relevant for the design of organizations. Additionally, the proposed two-dimensional framework integrates both team virtuality and task virtuality elements in organizations. This framework is novel in that it not only allows us how to conceptualize the task virtuality, but also provides practical guidance for managers to identify and understand the factors leading to high task virtuality and to deal with the resulting complexities.

Bibliogr. S.[351]-462

ÖZETKARAR ALMA PROBLEMLERİNDE AHP'NİN YERİ VE KALKINMIŞLIK KRİTERLERİYLE AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜYESİ ÜLKELERİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASITürkiye elli yıldan daha fazla bir süredir Avrupa Birliği (AB)'ne üye olmak için çaba göstermektedir. Ancak neredeyse her dönem, Avrupa Birliği (AB) tarafından çeşitli bahaneler öne sürülerek adaylık süreci uzatılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, "Türkiye'nin Avrupa ülkelerinden çok geride olduğu bu yüzden Avrupa Birliği üyelik sürecinin uzatıldığı…" tezinin yanlış olduğu gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla; Avrupa Birliği(AB)'ne son katılan ülkelerle Türkiye'nin kalkınmışlık durumu kıyaslanarak geride değil, aksine daha iyi bir seviyede olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Bu bağlamda, kalkınma alanında yapılan çalışmalar dikkate alınarak en çok kullanılan kalkınma kriterleri belirlenmiştir. Bu kriterlerle Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) yöntemi kullanılarak, bilimsel bir temelle Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği (AB)'ne son katılan ülkelere göre durumu gösterilmiştir.ABSTRACTTHE STATE OF AHP DECISION-MAKING PROBLEMS AND COMPARISON OF THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER COUNTRIES WITH DEVELOPMENT CRITERIAFor more than fifty years Turkey has been striving to become a member of the European Union (EU). However, almost every period, due to various excuses from the European Union (EU) the accession process is extended. In this study, the common thesis that "Turkey is so far behind the European countries, hence the European Union (EU) accession process is extended" is shown to be faulty. To this end Turkey's state of development in comparison with the recent member countries to the European Union has shown to be not behind on the contrary at a better level. In this context development studies were taken into account and most commonly used criteria have been identified. Using these criteria and the Analytical Hierarchy Method, Turkey's situation in comparison to the recent European Union (EU) Member states a scientific foundation status is shown by the countries participating in the European Union (EU) last.

This study is an attempt to compare and contrast the credit ratings granted
by prominent agencies, the so-called Big Three namely S&P, Moody?s and
Fitch, that dominate the market. The sovereign ratings are proven to
motivate the CDS figures of countries empirically, and low ratings are known
to increase the interest paid to liabilities by these countries. We employ
the historical data over 1994-2014 on the sovereign ratings of 117 countries
to test for whether the ratings assigned by CRAs are significantly different
or not, with the help of paired-t and ANOVA tests. Hypothesis test results
reveal that such differences are significant for many countries and country
groups, suggesting that the ratings by CRAs are not consistent with each
other. This is true for BRIC, OECD, and emerging market countries. Extra
ANOVA tests that we conducted support our findings.