Suchergebnisse

Die gegenwärtige Übergangsphase von einer Militär- zu einer demokratisch gewählten Zivilregierung im Jahr 1993 ist der zweite derartige Versuch in der Post-Kolonialzeit Nigerias. Beschrieben werden Planung und Phasen dieses Übergangs, der Versuch einer politischen Erziehung der Bevölkerung und insbesondere auch des Militärs, Einfluß und Rolle der Sicherheitsorgane in diesem Prozeß und die sukzessive eingeführten demokratischen Grundlagen und Mechanismen bis zur im Januar 1993 vorgesehenen Vereidigung des neuen Präsidenten und dem dann endgültigen Disengagement des Militärs. (DÜI-Hlb)

Aus südafrikanischer Sicht

El presente estudio se propuso indagar por la forma en que los trabajadores en condición de tercerización laboral conciben su nivel de satisfacción en su trabajo, y el grado en que dicha valoración puede ser afectada en función de su propia percepción de reputación sobre la empresa subcontratista (su empleador) y la empresa usuaria (su cliente), así como de su nivel de vinculación afectiva con respecto a cada una de ellas. Para ello se planteó un modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales mediante mínimos cuadrados parciales, empleándose cuatro hipótesis correlacionales y dos hipótesis de mediación. De esta manera, se aplicó un instrumento transversal sobre una muestra de 138 trabajadores tercerizados, vinculados a una misma empresa subcontratista en Colombia. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la reputación de esta empresa parecería incidir ligeramente sobre la vinculación afectiva de los trabajadores con respecto a ella misma, más no sobre su propia satisfacción en el trabajo. Finalmente, se observa una fuerte incidencia de la reputación de la empresa usuaria sobre la vinculación afectiva de sus trabajadores, variable que a su vez ejerce un rol de mediación parcial dentro del vínculo existente entre la misma reputación (de la empresa usuaria) y la satisfacción de los trabajadores.

Using the theoretical-methodological perspective based on experience frameworks, this paper aims at analyzing and understanding the way in which organizations communicate aspects that are related to occupational safety and health. In this sense, we carry out an analysis of the narratives related to this topic and propose a diagnosis mechanism to subjectively measure the burden of the regulatory, strategic, and moral frameworks of these narratives. A panel of Latin American experts applied a three-round Delphi analysis on five case studies in Colombia to illustrate how this mechanism works. In addition to the use of a robust research paradigm, this work contributes by proposing a scheme capable of presenting the motivations and interests of occupational safety and health professionals in perspective, finding imbalances in the way relevant information is transmitted through official messages and channels. Therefore, its use is susceptible to study in this and other areas of knowledge of the organizational discipline, and its adoption could be worthwhile in order to generate more and better knowledge in this regard. ; Haciendo uso de la perspectiva teórico-metodológica basada en los marcos de la experiencia, el presente trabajo tiene como propósito analizar y entender la forma en la que, usualmente, se comunican los aspectos relacionados con la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo en el contexto organizacional. En este sentido, se despliega un análisis sobre las narrativas propias de esta temática y se propone un mecanismo de diagnóstico para medir subjetivamente la carga de los marcos reglamentario, estratégico y moral de dichas narrativas. Un análisis Delphi de tres rondas aplicado por un panel de expertos latinoamericanos sobre cinco casos de estudio en Colombia ilustra la manera en la que el mecanismo en mención puede funcionar. Adicional al uso de un paradigma investigativo robusto, el trabajo contribuye, toda vez que propone un esquema capaz de exponer en perspectiva, las motivaciones y los intereses de los profesionales de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo, encontrando desequilibrios en cuanto a la forma de transmitir información relevante por medio de mensajes y canales oficiales. Por tanto, su uso es susceptible de estudio en esta y otras áreas del conocimiento de la disciplina organizacional, y su adopción podría valer la pena en aras de generar más y mejor conocimiento al respecto. ; Cette étude tente d'analyser et de comprendre la communication des aspects sanitaires et sécuritaires en milieu professionnel au travers d'une perspective théorico-méthodologique basée sur l'expérience. En ce sens, nous réaliserons une analyse de la littérature sur le sujet et proposerons un mécanisme de diagnostic pour mesurer subjectivement le poids des cadres réglementaires, stratégiques et moraux. Une analyse de type Delphi, appliquée sur trois cycles par un groupe d'experts latino-américains, illustre la façon dont ce mécanisme peut fonctionner en Colombie. Outre l'utilisation d'un paradigme d'étude, ce travail propose un schéma exposant une perspective des motivations et des intérêts des professionnels de la santé et de la sécurité au travail, et permet comprendre certains déséquilibres en termes de transmission d'informations pertinentes. Par conséquent, son utilisation est sujette à de plus amples études dans ce domaine et dans d'autres champs de la connaissance de la discipline organisationnelle. ; Fazendo uso da perspectiva teórica-metodológica com base nos referenciais da experiência, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e compreender a forma como os aspectos relacionados à segurança e à saúde no trabalho são habitualmente comunicados no contexto organizacional. Nesse sentido, desdobra-se uma análise das narrativas próprias desse tema e propõe-se um mecanismo diagnóstico para mensurar subjetivamente a carga dos marcos regulatórios, estratégicos e morais dessas narrativas. Uma análise Delphi de três rodadas aplicada por um painel de especialistas latino-americanos em cinco estudos de caso na Colômbia ilustra como o mecanismo em questão pode funcionar. Além da utilização de um paradigma de estudo robusto, o trabalho contribui, pois propõe um esquema capaz de expor em perspectiva, com as motivações e interesses dos profissionais de segurança e saúde ocupacional, encontrando desequilíbrios quanto à forma de transmitir informações relevantes por meio de mensagens e canais oficiais. Portanto, seu uso está sujeito a estudo nesta e em outras áreas do conhecimento da disciplina organizacional, e sua adoção pode valer a pena para gerar mais e melhor conhecimento a esse respeito.

Drawing on the legitimacy theory framework, this study introduces an alternative means to spot "fuzzy reporting" signals as a way to detect greenwashing at the firm level. Its approach is based on the way the sustainability reporting process can mislead stakeholders after critical incidents take place. In order to do so, a single environmental incident, which took place in Colombia, is analyzed in light of what happened before, during and afterwards, with special emphasis on the corporate disclosure process performed by the company involved. Results obtained give support to the assumption that fuzzy reporting can be objectively detected not only through the analysis of annual sustainability reports, but also by tracking other forms of corporate messages when a specific concern is carefully followed. This study's contribution is two-fold. First, it builds on the theoretical notions of greenwashing and fuzzy reporting by illustrating a practical and objective way to identify some deceiving corporate practices. Second, it empirically evaluates this approach in a sensitive context in order to obtain better illustration and prepare the groundwork for further studies.

Unlocking the potential of small and medium-sized enterprises hinges on grasping the underlying principles driving the development of sustainability-oriented innovations. It empowers this community of firms to contribute to sustainability and, at the same time, generate value. In this sense, drawing on the sustainable value creation model, the purpose of this study is to propose a framework for sustainability-oriented innovations in small and medium-sized enterprises by analyzing various strategic approaches. The study employs a theoretical approach aligning conceptual foundations with sustainability-oriented innovations. The study utilizes the sustainable value creation model and identifies four strategies suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises: (i) pollution prevention, (ii) product stewardship, (iii) clean technology, and (iv) sustainable vision focused on the base-of-the-pyramid. Further, portfolios of sustainability-oriented innovations, framed in each of the four strategies and in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises found in the literature are discussed. To illustrate each strategy, the analysis of four small and medium-sized enterprises operating in Colombia is conducted. The findings demonstrate how these strategies, combined with the implementation of portfolios of sustainability-oriented innovations, generate value in small and medium-sized enterprises, while promoting sustainability in the case of the context of an emerging economy. Moreover, the study suggests that small and medium-sized enterprises can effectively adopt a strategic orientation toward designing and implementing portfolios of sustainability-oriented innovations. Ultimately, the study highlights the potential of small and medium-sized enterprises in developing economies to contribute strategically to sustainable development, given their unique characteristics.

In balancing the mission of state security forces and bodies, private security guards are expected to provide partial fulfillment to society's sturdy desire for safety and security. They exert responsibility for protecting housing and commercial communities, as well as institutions and critical infrastructure systems, including manufacturing, utilities, transportation, and health and educational facilities. Acknowledging that these individuals must possess specific capabilities for a satisfactory level of performance, this study aims to empirically explore how those capabilities interact to obtain a good fit for their job. In order to accomplish this objective, the paper scrutinizes the insights of 94 Colombian security guards. It examines the potential associations (through a partial least squares-structural equation modeling) and configurations (through a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis) between the personality trait of conscientiousness and two relevant cognitive skills: mental agility and visual memory. The findings revealed coincidences and contradictions between techniques and addressed constructs' arrangements to understand how individual capabilities are associated with work outcomes. Even though conscientious individuals tend to perceive strong compatibility with the security job, the skills under study display signs of being contingent on obtaining the same work attachment effect. This study concludes that a security guard's job specification must privilege the possession of a conscientiousness trait and, if possible, self-perception of proficiency in cognitive skills, such as mental agility and visual memory, to obtain a correct fitting for the job.

Night work is one of the most recognized responsibilities of security personnel. Feeling vital is a necessary condition for assuring proper development of this function. Thus, the analysis of its effects on physical and mental conditions is a relevant resource for achieving adequate results at individual and organizational levels. Based on a questionnaire applied to 184 private security guards in Colombia, this study examines the subjective vitality of the personnel working during night shifts and its association with self-perceptions regarding their physical and mental health. Additionally, it analyzes the interference that various demographic variables exert on these relationships. By using partial least squares structural equation modeling, the study found that subjective vitality significantly affects night workers' mental health more than their physical health. That is, subjective vitality among respondents explains 51% of the variability of mental health and 36% of the variability of physical health. A further significant effect of physical health on mental health was also evidenced, in which the former explains the 25% of the latter variability. When comparing results between genders, the study shows that the variability of mental health explained by subjective vitality among women is larger than among men (75% vs. 28%). These results are discussed in light of the theoretical aspects of organizational behavior and are grounded around their potential to address the phenomenon of human resource management in practice. Practical implications include the need for organizational schemes that balance physical and mental health among night workers.
AcknowledgmentsThe authors want to acknowledge the 184 Colombian security guards who provided their time to complete the questionnaire for this study.