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Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- List of Critiques -- Preface -- Part I Critical Roots -- 1 The Essence of Criticism -- What Is Criticism? -- Why Is Electronic Media Criticism Needed? -- Brief History of Electronic Media Criticism -- 2 Critical Functions -- The Critic as Guide -- Other Critic Responsibilities -- What Critics Value -- A Functional Finale -- 3 Criticism and the Communication Process -- Process Perspective -- Originator Criticism -- Message Criticism -- Medium Criticism -- Receiver Criticism -- 4 Knowledge Acquisition and Processing -- Empirical and Normative Outlooks -- The Four "Ways of Knowing" -- The Perceptual Triad -- A Knowledge Epilogue -- Part II Critical Ingredients -- 5 Tonal and Talent Ingredients -- The Musical Ingredient -- The On-Stage Talent Ingredient -- A Concluding Talent Monologue -- 6 Stage-Molding Ingredients -- Audio Transitions and Volume -- The Video Stage -- Light and Shadow -- Horizontal and Vertical Camera Planes -- Spatial Mobility -- Shot Transition and Duration -- Camera/Character Perspective -- Pictorial Proportion -- A Stage-Molding Synopsis -- Part III Critical Gratifications -- 7 Business Gratifications -- Commerce and Art -- Bottom-Line Preeminence -- Ratings, Shares, and Tonnage -- Quantifying Controversy -- Audience Measurement Uncertainty -- Scheduling and Flow Analysis -- The Final Balance Sheet -- 8 Consumer Gratifications -- A Consumer Uses Overview -- Entertainment/Time Punctuation -- Information/Surveillance -- Escapism/Nostalgia -- Companionship/Conversation Building -- Problem-Solving -- Personal Enrichment and Development -- Catharsis/Tension Release -- A Gratifications Caution -- Part IV Critical Approaches -- 9 Depiction Analysis -- Depiction's Scope and Cultivation -- What Are the Characteristics of Our Physical Environment?.

Introduces readers to a variety of critical approaches to audio and video discourse on radio, television and the Internet. This book applies key aesthetic, sociological, philosophical, psychological, structural and economic principles to arrive at a comprehensive evaluation of both programming and advertising content

What many prominent Afrikaners heralded as a new era of independence began on 6 October 1960, when a referendum was held to determine whether or not the populace wished South Africa to become a republic. As in virtually all other aspects of national political action, only Whites could voice their opinion via the ballot. Supported by the largely Afrikaner Nationalist Party and opposed by the predominantly English-stock United Party, the referendum, passed by approximately 850,000 to 776,000 votes, probably constituted one of the best indices of the relative strength of Afrikaner and non-Afrikaner elements among South Africa's ruling White polity.1 This dichotomy within the White elite and the friction which still sustains it have their roots in the late nineteenth century, when the Briton vanquished the Boer. Now, the situation has largely reversed itself while the animosities remain.

While the Nationalist government lately exhibits greater tolerance toward the opposition papers, such tolerance is neither demanded nor insured by law. No guarantees exist that the press will not be further circumscribed.