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Intro -- THRESHOLDS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN ECOSYSTEMS -- THRESHOLDS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN ECOSYSTEMS -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE* -- FEDERAL EXECUTIVE TEAM -- LETTER TO CONGRESS -- AUTHOR TEAM -- LEAD AUTHORS -- AUTHORS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- Thresholds of Climate Change in Ecosystems Federal Advisory Committee -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- SYNOPSIS -- RECOMMENDED CITATION -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- EXAMPLES OF ECOSYSTEM THRESHOLDS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- 1.1 THE PROBLEM OF SUDDEN CHANGE IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS -- 1.2 THE RESPONSE OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE COMMUNITY -- 1.3 THE GOAL OF SAP 4.2 -- 1.4 STANDARD TERMS -- Chapter 2: ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 EARLY DEVELOPMENT -- 2.3 CURRENT DISCUSSIONS OF THRESHOLD PHENOMENA -- 2.4 ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS DEFINED FOR SAP 4.2 -- 2.5 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE RESILIENCE -- 2.6 THE BOTTOM LINE -- Chapter 3: CASE STUDIES -- CASE STUDY 1: ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS IN ALASKA -- CASE STUDY 2. THE MID-CONTINENT PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION: THRESHOLD RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE -- CASE STUDY 3. BROAD-SCALE FOREST DIE-BACK AS A THRESHOLD RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES -- CASE STUDY 4. THRESHOLDS IN CLIMATE CHANGE FOR CORAL-REEF ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING -- Chapter 4: EXAMPLES OF THRESHOLD CHANGE IN ECOSYSTEMS -- 4.1 BACKGROUND -- 4.2 EXAMPLE OF THRESHOLDS FROM THE PAST -- 4.3 TEMPERATURE INCREASES ARE PUSHING ECOSYSTEMS TOWARDS THRESHOLDS -- 4.3.1 Climate Interactions Drive Ecosystems to Thresholds -- 4.3.2 Climate Variability Increases Likelihood of Threshold Shifts -- 4.3.3 Other Human Stressors and Climate Change -- 4.3.4 Ecosystem Vulnerability and Climate Change -- Chapter 5: WHAT CAN BE DONE? -- 5.1 INTEGRATION OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH -- 5.1.1 Need for Conceptual Models -- 5.1.2 Scaling.